Table 3.
Maternal and fetal adipokine and lipid profiles according to maternal weight gain status.
| Variables | Maternal weight gain category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Low | N | Normal | N | Excessive | |
| AdiponectinM (μg/mL) | 16 | 7.2 ± 4.9 | 12 | 8.5 ± 5.4 | 12 | 6.2 ± 4.1 |
| AdiponectinF (μg/mL) | 24 | 26.8 ± 10.6 | 20 | 31.5 ± 16.8 | 16 | 25.5 ± 18.5 |
| LeptinM (ng/mL) | 21 | 15.4 ± 13.4 | 13 | 21.8 ± 27.2 | 14 | 50.3 ± 5.5a,b |
| LeptinF (ng/mL) | 25 | 4.2 ± 3.1 | 20 | 6.81 ± 5.3 | 17 | 6.1 ± 6.0 |
| ResistinM (ng/mL) | 21 | 14.4 ± 7.0 | 14 | 15.5 ± 9.0 | 14 | 13.7 ± 8.0 |
| ResistinF (ng/mL) | 26 | 21.6 ± 11.8 | 19 | 19.7 ± 11.1 | 16 | 20.7 ± 11.2 |
| Fasting glucoseM (mg/dL) | 21 | 86.9 ± 25.4 | 13 | 94.6 ± 29.7 | 13 | 78.9 ± 13.3 |
| Fasting glucoseF (mg/dL) | 26 | 63.6 ± 18.1 | 21 | 60.7 ± 15.3 | 17 | 61.5 ± 18.6 |
| TGM (mg/dL) | 21 | 214.1 ± 85.9 | 13 | 213.5 ± 55.1 | 13 | 254.8 ± 92.8 |
| TGF (mg/dL) | 26 | 45.9 ± 46.0 | 21 | 28.3 ± 16.7 | 17 | 60.5 ± 88.5 |
| TCM (mg/dL) | 21 | 211.2 ± 77.1 | 13 | 196.8 ± 52.0 | 13 | 223.8 ± 64.6 |
| TCF (mg/dL) | 26 | 78.3 ± 32.1 | 21 | 59.7 ± 17.0 | 17 | 82.1 ± 55.6 |
| HDL-CM (mg/dL) | 21 | 59.0 ± 14.2 | 13 | 55.3 ± 14.6 | 13 | 64.4 ± 16.1 |
| HDL-CF (mg/dL) | 25 | 34.9 ± 10.6 | 21 | 31.5 ± 9.8 | 16 | 34.3 ± 12.0 |
| LDL-CM (mg/dL) | 20 | 102.7 ± 50.2 | 13 | 98.8 ± 36.5 | 11 | 107.2 ± 46.0 |
| LDL-CF (mg/dL) | 26 | 35.9 ± 21.3 | 13 | 22.5 ± 9.0 | 17 | 37.8 ± 34.3a |
M: maternal; F: fetal; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Values represent mean ± SD. p values were estimated using one-way ANOVA. a p < 0.05 excessive versus normal; b p < 0.05 excessive versus low.