Table 2. Subgroup analysis of flavonoids intake and risk of esophageal, colocteral and gastric cancer.
| Subgroups | Cancer site | No. ofcases | No. ofstudies | OR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity test |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | P | |||||
| Geographic locations | ||||||
| Europe | Esophageal | 645 | 2 | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | 0 | 0.931 |
| America | Esophageal | 4558 | 5 | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | 0 | 0.879 |
| Cancer subtype | ||||||
| ESCC | Esophageal | 827 | 4 | 0.91 (0.66–1.24) | 0 | 0.827 |
| EAC | Esophageal | 435 | 2 | 0.86 (0.62–1.21) | 0 | 0.520 |
| Study design | ||||||
| Cohort | Esophageal | 341 | 1 | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) | N/A | N/A |
| Case-control | Esophageal | 1262 | 6 | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 0 | 0.930 |
| Geographic locations | ||||||
| Europe | Colorectal | 4847 | 7 | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 34.5 | 0.165 |
| America | Colorectal | 4112 | 2 | 1.14 (0.94–1.39) | 0 | 0.480 |
| Cancer subtype | ||||||
| Colon | Colorectal | 3005 | 4 | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 46.6 | 0.132 |
| Rectum | Colorectal | 1388 | 4 | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0 | 0.482 |
| Study design | ||||||
| Cohort | Colorectal | 6609 | 7 | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 16 | 0.308 |
| Case-control | Colorectal | 2377 | 2 | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 68.1 | 0.076 |
| Geographic locations | ||||||
| Europe | Gastric | 1222 | 5 | 0.78 (0.62–0.97) | 65.8 | 0.020 |
| America | Gastric | 589 | 2 | 1.19 (0.89–1.57) | 0 | 0.488 |
| Asia | Gastric | 334 | 1 | 0.62 (0.38–1.08) | N/A | N/A |
| Study design | ||||||
| Cohort | Gastric | 1277 | 4 | 0.86 (0.67–1.09) | 74.8 | 0.008 |
| Case-control | Gastric | 868 | 4 | 090 (0.72–1.13) | 58.4 | 0.065 |
Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; EAC, Esophageal Adenocarcinoma; ESCC, Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer.