Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for the Total Sample Stratified by the Number of Lower Extremity PAD Lesions (≥3 or 2 Versus 1 Lesion)
| Total Sample (n=756) | ≥3 Lesions (n=173) | 2 Lesions (n=197) | 1 Lesion (n=386) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (mean±SD), y | 65.0±9.8 | 68.0±10.2 | 64.9±9.6 | 63.8±9.5 | <0.001 |
| Age <50 years, n (%) | 50 (6.6) | 6 (3.5) | 14 (7.1) | 30 (7.8) | 0.002 |
| Age 50 to 69 years, n (%) | 430 (56.9) | 82 (47.4) | 114 (57.9) | 234 (60.6) | |
| Age ≥70 years, n (%) | 276 (36.5) | 85 (49.1) | 69 (35.0) | 122 (31.6) | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 489 (64.7) | 117 (67.6) | 136 (69.0) | 236 (61.1) | 0.11 |
| Socioeconomic factors | |||||
| No partner, n (%) | 162 (21.4) | 51 (34.9) | 40 (23.7) | 71 (21.5) | 0.007 |
| Less than high school degree, n (%) | 165 (21.8) | 42 (29.2) | 45 (26.6) | 78 (23.8) | 0.45 |
| Active working status, n (%) | 163 (21.6) | 25 (18.2) | 48 (28.7) | 90 (28.1) | 0.06 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Prior angina, n (%) | 112 (14.8) | 39 (22.5) | 19 (9.6) | 54 (14.0) | 0.002 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 140 (18.5) | 48 (27.7) | 35 (17.8) | 57 (14.8) | 0.001 |
| Prior coronary artery bypass grafting, n (%) | 82 (10.8) | 26 (15.0) | 17 (8.6) | 39 (10.1) | 0.11 |
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) | 70 (9.3) | 15 (8.7) | 21 (10.7) | 34 (8.8) | 0.73 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 36 (4.8) | 9 (5.2) | 8 (4.1) | 19 (4.9) | 0.86 |
| Prior transient ischemic attack, n (%) | 66 (8.7) | 24 (13.9) | 13 (6.6) | 29 (7.5) | 0.023 |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 59 (7.8) | 16 (9.2) | 16 (8.1) | 27 (7.0) | 0.64 |
| Clinical factors | |||||
| Body mass index, mean±SD | 26.8±4.9 | 26.4±4.6 | 26.5±3.9 | 27.1±5.5 | 0.25 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 193.3±46.0 | 186.8±45.1 | 194.0±45.4 | 195.9±46.5 | 0.13 |
| High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL (mean±SD) | 49.2±14.3 | 48.8±13.0 | 51.0±17.4 | 48.5±12.9 | 0.15 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (mean±SD) | 158.7±22.6 | 161.6 ±25.4 | 159.2±21.1 | 157.2±21.8 | 0.10 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 375 (49.6) | 75 (43.4) | 99 (50.3) | 201 (52.1) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 183 (24.2) | 43 (24.9) | 47 (23.9) | 93 (24.1) | 0.97 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 512 (67.7) | 126 (72.8) | 127 (64.5) | 259 (67.1) | 0.21 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 452 (59.8) | 113 (65.3) | 115 (58.4) | 224 (58.0) | 0.24 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 136 (18.0) | 29 (16.8) | 36 (18.3) | 71 (18.4) | 0.89 |
| Renal dysfunction, n (%) | 69 (9.1) | 22 (12.7) | 18 (9.1) | 29 (7.5) | 0.14 |
| Back pain, n (%) | 113 (14.9) | 19 (11.0) | 34 (17.3) | 60 (15.5) | 0.22 |
| Hip or knee osteoarthritis, n (%) | 156 (20.6) | 33 (19.1) | 43 (21.8) | 80 (20.7) | 0.81 |
| Medication use | |||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 586 (77.5) | 137 (79.2) | 149 (75.6) | 300 (77.7) | 0.71 |
| Statins, n (%) | 616 (81.5) | 145 (83.8) | 164 (83.2) | 307 (79.5) | 0.37 |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | 315 (41.7) | 79 (45.7) | 72 (36.5) | 164 (42.5) | 0.19 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 190 (25.1) | 57 (32.9) | 50 (25.4) | 83 (21.5) | 0.016 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) | 234 (31.0) | 68 (39.3) | 62 (31.5) | 104 (26.9) | 0.014 |
| Calcium antagonist, n (%) | 167 (22.1) | 45 (26.0) | 47 (23.9) | 75 (19.4) | 0.18 |
| Nitroglycerin, n (%) | 67 (8.9) | 25 (14.5) | 16 (8.1) | 26 (6.7) | 0.011 |
| Anticoagulants, n (%) | 125 (16.5) | 40 (23.1) | 30 (15.2) | 55 (14.2) | 0.028 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 18 (2.4) | 9 (5.2) | 3 (1.5) | 6 (1.6) | 0.042 |
| Antiarrhythmics, n (%) | 21 (2.8) | 8 (4.6) | 4 (2.0) | 9 (2.3) | 0.27 |
| Antidepressives, n (%) | 45 (6.0) | 13 (7.5) | 3 (1.5) | 29 (7.5) | 0.009 |
| Anxiolytics, n (%) | 31 (4.1) | 9 (5.2) | 4 (2.0) | 18 (4.7) | 0.22 |
| Hypnotics, n (%) | 34 (4.5) | 16 (9.2) | 3 (1.5) | 15 (3.9) | 0.001 |
| Anatomical lesion location | <0.001 | ||||
| Nonsignificant lesion, n (%) | 71 (9.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 71 (19.2) | |
| Proximal lesions, n (%) | 219 (29.0) | 31 (19.3) | 69 (36.7) | 119 (32.2) | |
| Distal lesions, n (%) | 363 (48.0) | 89 (55.3) | 94 (50.0) | 180 (48.6) | |
| Proximal and distal lesions, n (%) | 66 (8.7) | 14 (25.5) | 25 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Vascular laboratory assessment | |||||
| Pain‐free walking distance, median (IQR), m | 80.0 (40.0–130.0) | 70.0 (40.0–130.0) | 80.0 (50.0–140.0) | 70.0 (30.0–130.0) | 0.69 |
| Maximum walking distance, median (IQR), m | 250.0 (140.0–500.0) | 230 (120.0–400.0) | 250.0 (140.0–520.0) | 280.0 (160.0–500.0) | 0.028 |
| Resting ankle‐brachial index, median % (IQR) | 65.0 (53.0–79.0) | 55.5 (48.0–67.0) | 64.0 (53.0–75.0) | 71.0 (59.0–83.0) | <0.001 |
| Postexercise ankle‐brachial index, median % (IQR) | 35.0 (26.0–54.0) | 28.0 (20.0–39.0) | 32.0 (25.0–46.0) | 41.0 (30.0–62.0) | <0.001 |
Overall P values for each comparison are provided. IQR indicates interquartile range; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.