Table 1.
Characteristics of Studies Included in the Meta‐Analysis: Participants, Interventions, and Comparators
| Study | Country | No. (F/M) | Mean BMI, kg/m2 | Mean Age, Year | Healthy Status | Lipid‐Lowering Medication (E/C) | Intervention | Controla |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooper et al, 198224 | US | 15 (5/10) | NR | 28.0 | Healthy subjects | None | Lactovegetarian | Omnivorous |
| Kestin et al, 198925 | Australia | 26 (0/26) | 25.5 | 44.0 | NR | None | Lacto‐ovovegetarian | Omnivorous |
| Ling et al, 199226 | Finland | 18 (14/4) | 26.6 | 42.8 | Healthy participants and patients for unrelated conditions | NR | Vegan | Omnivorous |
| Nicholson et al, 199927 | US | 11 (5/6) | NR | 54.3 | With NIDDM | 4 (3/1) | Vegan | Omnivorous |
| Barnard et al, 200016 | US | 35 (35/0) | 25.5 | 36.1 | Healthy premenopausal women | None | Vegan | Omnivorous |
| Agren et al, 200118 | Finland | 29 (28/1) | 24.3 | 50.8 | With rheumatoid arthritis | None | Vegan | Omnivorous |
| Burke et al, 200728 | US | 176 (153/23) | 34.0 | 44.0 | Overweight and obese adults | None | Lacto‐ovovegetarian | Omnivorous |
| Elkan et al, 200829 | Sweden | 58 (52/6) | 24.0 | 50.3 | With rheumatoid arthritis | None | Vegan | Omnivorous |
| Barnard et al, 200919 | US | 99 (60/39) | 34.9 | 55.6 | With type 2 diabetes | 54 (27/27) | Vegan | Omnivorous |
| Kahleova et al, 201130 | Czech | 74 (39/35) | 35.0 | 56.2 | With type 2 diabetes | 38 (22/16) | Lactovegetarian | Omnivorous |
| Mishra et al, 201317 | US | 291 (241/50) | 35.0 | 45.2 | With BMI ≥25 and/or a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes | NR | Vegan | Omnivorous |
BMI indicates body mass index; E/C, experiment diet group/control diet group; F, female; M, male; NR, not reported.
a
All control diets adopted in these studies were defined as an omnivorous diet because they contained meat and dairy products and plant‐derived foods.