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. 2015 Oct 16;4(10):e002156. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002156

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© 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Uptake of eLDL by cultured valvular VICs/myofibroblasts. A, immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against vimentin and α‐actin (see Table 2) confirming the phenotype of VICs/myofibroblasts. B, Upper panel, confocal microscopy demonstrating a strong perinuclear signal from DiI‐labeled eLDL. Lower panel, fluorometric analyses of 3 independent experiments showing that VICs/myofibroblasts incubated with increasing eLDL concentrations accumulate up to 40 μg DiI‐eLDL/mg protein. eLDL indicates enzymatically modified low‐density lipoprotein; VICs, valvular interstitial cells.