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. 2015 Mar 19;3(1):e1019023. doi: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1019023

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© 2016 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 1. — The ‘PE hourglass’. Simplified schematic of the conversion of ethanolamine (Etn) into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its downstream products. Alternative pathways for PE production were omitted for clarity. PE synthesis is rate limiting because newly synthesized PE feeds into a common cellular PE pool, which is used for diverse cellular processes including glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, membrane, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis as well as the generation of autophagic membranes. ADP, adenosine diphosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CMP, cytosine monophosphate; Etn, ethanolamine; CTP, cytosine triphosphate; DAG, diacylglycerol; P, phosphate; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PP, pyrophosphate.