Figure 1.
Coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy during aging and tumorigenesis. SKN-1/Nrf2/NFE2L2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2) becomes activated under conditions of oxidative stress and low insulin/IGF-1 signaling. SKN-1 coordinates mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing cellular homeostasis, longevity, and healthspan. Hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1/HIF1α (hypoxia inducible factor 1α) stimulates mitophagy and quenches mitochondrial biogenesis. HIF1α-driven mitophagy leads to hypoxia adaptation and tumor cell survival, promoting tumorigenesis.