Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Who Survived an AMI: Worcester Heart Attack Study, 2001–2011
| 2001–2003 (n=1923) | 2005–2007 (n=1517) | 2009–2011 (n=1370) | P Valuea | P for Trendb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (y) | 70.8 | 69.2 | 65.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Age, % | |||||
| <55 y | 15.2 | 18.1 | 23.1 | <0.001 | |
| 55 to 64 y | 17.5 | 19.3 | 23.0 | ||
| 65 to 74 y | 21.6 | 20.0 | 24.5 | ||
| 75 to 84 y | 28.0 | 28.0 | 21.5 | ||
| 85+ y | 17.7 | 14.6 | 7.9 | ||
| Female, % | 42.8 | 41.9 | 40.3 | 0.35 | 0.16 |
| White, % | 94.0 | 91.7 | 91.1 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Married, % | 53.7 | 54.4 | 56.1 | 0.40 | 0.19 |
| Hospital length of stay, mean (d) | 6.4 | 5.2 | 4.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Medical history, % | |||||
| Angina | 22.5 | 12.9 | 4.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 14.1 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 0.50 | 0.33 |
| Heart failure | 22.6 | 24.3 | 19.6 | 0.011 | 0.08 |
| Hypertension | 71.0 | 75.4 | 75.4 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 14.9 | 20.4 | 19.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 11.5 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 0.28 | 0.11 |
| Diabetes | 33.0 | 34.4 | 37.4 | 0.028 | 0.009 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 18.3 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 0.06 | 0.041 |
| Depression | 15.5 | 16.7 | 17.5 | 0.29 | 0.12 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 15.8 | 22.3 | 22.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ST‐segment myocardial infarction | 34.0 | 32.2 | 31.1 | 0.19 | 0.07 |
| Initial myocardial infarction | 65.0 | 64.9 | 64.8 | 0.99 | 0.91 |
| In‐hospital clinical complications, % | |||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 20.9 | 19.9 | 14.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 3.4 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 0.26 | 0.66 |
| Stroke | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.001 | 0.83 |
| Heart failure | 37.9 | 36.4 | 27.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Physiological factors on hospital admission | |||||
| Initial heart rate, mean (beats/min) | 86.5 | 84.7 | 83.8 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (mm Hg) | 144.1 | 143.6 | 140.3 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (mm Hg) | 77.6 | 77.8 | 78.1 | 0.78 | 0.48 |
| Serum glucose, mean (mg/dL) | 171.5 | 165.8 | 169.5 | 0.10 | 0.48 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 58.5 | 61.3 | 53.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Medications at hospital discharge, % | |||||
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin type II receptor blockers | 59.3 | 68.6 | 64.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 83.2 | 92.4 | 93.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Blockers | 83.1 | 91.0 | 89.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lipid‐lowering agents | 65.6 | 79.1 | 88.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction.
a
P‐values derived from ANOVA tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.
b
P values derived from Cochran‐Armitage tests for categorical variables and linear regression models for continuous variables.