Table 2.
HR (95% CI)a for Loss of the Ideal Cardiovascular Health Profile Through Middle Age According to Combinations of Diet, PA, and Smoking in Participants With and Without Optimal BMI in Young Adulthood
| n | Optimal BMI (n=1579) | HR (95% CI) | n | Nonoptimal BMI (n=585) | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 149 | Ref: no other optimal HLC | 1.0 | 70 | Ref: no optimal HLC | 1.0 |
| 58 | +Optimal diet | 1.15 (0.81 – 1.62) | 20 | +Optimal diet | 1.80 b (1.05 – 3.03) |
| 181 | +Optimal PA | 0.86 (0.67 – 1.11) | 58 | +Optimal PA | 1.12 (0.72 – 1.76) |
| 152 | +Optimal PA, optimal diet | 1.12 (0.86 – 1.45) | 35 | +Optimal PA, optimal diet | 1.12 (0.72 – 1.76) |
| 302 | +Optimal smoking | 0.91 (0.72 – 1.14) | 146 | +Optimal smoking | 0.80 (0.59 – 1.10) |
| 91 | +Optimal smoking, diet | 0.77 (0.57 – 1.05) | 54 | +Optimal smoking, diet | 0.84 (0.57 – 1.25) |
| 374 | +Optimal smoking, PA | 0.89 (0.71 – 1.13) | 135 | +Optimal smoking, PA | 0.92 (0.70 – 1.36) |
| 272 | +Optimal smoking, PA, diet | 0.75 b (0.59 – 0.96) | 67 | +Optimal smoking, PA, diet | 1.04 (0.72 – 1.52) |
+ indicates participants with the HLC; BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratios; HLC, healthy lifestyle component; PA, physical activity; Ref, referent.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, study center, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose at time of enrollment.
b
Parameter estimate from analysis of maximum likelihood estimates significantly differs from that of the referent group at P<0.05.