Table 3.
HRs (95% CI)a for Loss of the Ideal Cardiovascular Health Profile Through Middle Age According to Combinations of BMI, Smoking, PA, and Diet in Black Males, White Males, Black Females, and White Females
| HLC | Black (n=939) | White (n=1225) | Female (n=1350) | Male (n=814) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref: No HLCs | n HR (95% CI) | |||
| Optimal diet | 15 | 5 | 19 | 1 |
| 1.5 (0.8 – 2.9) | 2.2 (0.8 – 5.8) | 1.6 (0.9 – 2.8) | 18.5 (1.3 – 262.8) | |
| Optimal PA | 22 | 36 | 25 | 33 |
| 1.2 (0.7 – 2.1) | 1.2 (0.7 – 2.1) | 1.1 (0.7 – 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6 – 2.0) | |
| Optimal PA, optimal diet | 23 | 12 | 26 | 9 |
| 0.9 (0.5 – 1.6) | 1.3 (0.6 – 2.7) | 1.2 (0.7 – 2.1) | 0.9 (0.4 – 2.2) | |
| Optimal smoking | 100 | 46 | 119 | 27 |
| 0.7 (0.5 – 1.1) | 1.0 (0.6 – 1.6) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.3) | |
| Optimal smoking, optimal diet | 36 | 18 | 40 | 14 |
| 0.6 (0.4 – 1.0) | 1.4 (0.7 – 2.6) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) | 0.7 (0.3 – 1.6) | |
| Optimal smoking, optimal PA | 63 | 72 | 63 | 72 |
| 0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) | 1.1 (0.7 – 1.7) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) | 1.0 (0.6 – 1.8) | |
| Optimal smoking, optimal PA, Optimal diet | 34 | 33 | 39 | 28 |
| 0.8 (0.5 – 1.3) | 1.4 (0.8 – 2.4) | 1.1 (0.7 – 1.6) | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.8) | |
| Optimal BMI | 60 | 89 | 99 | 50 |
| 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9)b | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.0) | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.8) | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal diet | 35 | 23 | 43 | 15 |
| 0.7 (0.4 – 1.2) | 1.2 (0.7 – 2.3) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.4) | 0.8 (0.4 – 1.7) | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal PA | 70 | 111 | 91 | 90 |
| 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9)b | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.3) | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.1) | 0.5 (0.3 – 0.9)b | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal PA, optimal diet | 66 | 86 | 78 | 74 |
| 0.8 (0.5 – 1.2) | 1.1 (0.7 – 1.7) | 0.8 (0.6 – 1.2) | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.6) | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal smoking | 138 | 164 | 228 | 74 |
| 0.7 (0.5 – 0.9)b | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5 – 0.9)b | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.3) | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal smoking, optimal diet | 39 | 52 | 65 | 26 |
| 0.6 (0.3 – 0.9)b | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.2) | 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9)b | 0.5 (0.2 – 1.0) | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal smoking, optimal PA | 126 | 248 | 194 | 180 |
| 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9)b | 0.8 (0.5 – 1.3) | 0.7 (0.5 – 0.9)b | 0.7 (0.4 – 1.2) | |
| Optimal BMI, optimal smoking, optimal PA, optimal diet | 71 | 201 | 166 | 106 |
| 0.5 (0.3 – 0.8)b | 0.7 (0.5 – 1.1) | 0.6 (0.4 – 0.9)b | 0.5 (0.3 – 0.9)b | |
BMI indicates body mass index; HLC, healthy lifestyle component; HR, hazard ratio; PA, physical activity.
a
Adjusted for age, education, study center, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose at time of enrollment.
b
Parameter estimate from analysis of maximum likelihood estimates significantly differs from that of the referent group at P<0.05.