Table 4.
Duration and Treatment of Diabetes, and Glycemic Control in Patients With or Without Stroke
| Type 1 Diabetes | Type 2 Diabetes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Stroke | Stroke | HRa (95% CI) | No Stroke | Stroke | HRa (95% CI) | |
| DM duration, y, mean (SD) | 41.8 (11.0) | 41.5 (13.3) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 8.47 (7.37) | 9.10 (7.62) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
| Duration ≤10 years (Ref.) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | — | 6125 (67%) | 596 (65%) | 1.00 |
| Duration >10 years | 662 (100%) | 52 (100%) | — | 3014 (33%) | 319 (35%) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) |
| Treatment | ||||||
| Diet only (Ref.) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | — | 2189 (24%) | 171 (19%) | 1.00 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | — | 3928 (43%) | 374 (41%) | 1.13 (0.95–1.36) |
| Insulin with or without oral hypoglycemic agents | 662 (100%) | 52 (100%) | — | 3022 (33%) | 370 (40%) | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 8.44 (1.09) | 8.46 (1.10) | 0.93 (0.68–1.28) | 7.41 (1.16) | 7.61 (1.23) | 1.07 (0.99–1.17) |
| HbA1c | ||||||
| ≤7.0% (Ref.) | 55 (11%) | 3 (8%) | 1.00 | 1993 (44%) | 142 (38%) | 1.00 |
| 7.1% to 8.0% | 134 (26%) | 12 (32%) | 1.63 (0.42–6.26) | 1378 (30%) | 117 (31%) | 1.10 (0.86–1.42) |
| 8.1% to 9.0% | 200 (38%) | 12 (32%) | 1.12 (0.30–4.27) | 757 (17%) | 68 (18%) | 1.04 (0.78–1.40) |
| 9.1% to 10.0% | 95 (18%) | 6 (16%) | 0.95 (0.22–4.15) | 278 (6%) | 35 (9%) | 1.46 (0.99–2.13) |
| >10.0% | 38 (7%) | 5 (13%) | 1.76 (0.33–9.26) | 113 (3%) | 13 (3%) | 1.26 (0.71–2.26) |
Data are shown as n (%) unless otherwise noted. DM indicates diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; Ref., reference category.
a
Univariate hazard ratio.