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. 2015 Nov 16;4(11):e002527. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002527

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© 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Schematic for blood vessel formation inducible by TRAIL. A, FGF‐2 and TRAIL‐inducible EC function relating to angiogenesis involves NOX4 and NO signaling. B, TRAIL delivery stimulates blood vessel formation by modulating both EC and VSMC function to promote angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. EC indicates endothelial cell; e‐NOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FGF‐2, fibroblast growth factor‐2; NO, nitric oxide; NOX4, NADPH oxidase 4; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell.