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. 2015 Dec 18;4(12):e002613. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002613

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© 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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ECV was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in univariable Cox regression models (P<0.05 for all), whether EF was reduced (<45%) or preserved (EF ≥45%). Despite the decreased statistical power occurring with subgroup analysis, the basis for the statistically significant interactions between ECV and EF was evident qualitatively. Associations between ECV measures at the lower end of the ECV spectrum (eg, blue and red lines) and events appeared strengthened when EF was reduced. ECV indicates extracellular volume fraction; EF, ejection fraction.