. 2015 Dec 8;4(12):e002308. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002308

Table 2.

Relative Risk and Joint Association of LVSD and IPF With Outcomes (Adjusted Hazard Ratios With 95% CI)

	No LVSD or IPF (n=1811)	LVSD Only, No IPF (n=90)	IPF Only, No LVSD (n=120)	Both LVSD and IPF (n=38)
Heart failure (events)	401	34	120	19
Heart failure (events)	Reference	2.1 (1.5, 3.1)	1.7 (1.4, 2.1)	3.2 (2.0, 5.1)
Cardiovascular mortality (events)	332	25	85	16
Cardiovascular mortality (events)	Reference	1.8 (1.2, 2.6)	1.4 (1.1, 1.8)	2.8 (1.7, 4.7)
All‐cause mortality (events)	999	59	299	33
All‐cause mortality (events)	Reference	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	1.7 (1.4, 1.9)	2.1 (1.5, 3.0)
Composite (events)	1103	68	322	35
Composite (events)	Reference	1.6 (1.3, 2.1)	1.7 (1.5, 1.9)	2.3 (1.7, 3.3)

All hazard ratios adjusted for age, race, sex, total cholesterol, history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, and time difference between the 2 exposure measurements. Events indicates number of outcome events; IPF, impaired pulmonary function; LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction.