Table 1.
Content of the Fear of Recurrence Therapy (FORT) intervention sessions
Session number | Description |
---|---|
1. | - Self-introduction by each participant, with a focus on their experience with fear of cancer recurrence. |
- Introduce major heading of the Fear of Recurrence Therapy (FORT) from the six sessions. | |
- Introduce the automatic thought, behavior, and consequence therapy model and the fear of cancer recurrence model (FCRM). | |
- Introduce notions of cognitive restructuring and how to identify FCR triggers. | |
- Teach and practice progressive muscle relaxation. | |
Homework: Practice progressive muscle relaxation daily. Complete thought journal and challenge maladaptive thinking about the fear of cancer recurrence. | |
2. | - Prepare questions for nurse specialist, who provides education about general cancer screening guidelines and signs of recurrence in Session 3. |
- Help participants deal with the fact that uncertainty can never be eliminated. | |
- Discuss ways of regaining a sense of control using Wheel of Life exercise. | |
- Teach calming self-talk. Provide participants with relaxation CD audio and instruct them to use calming self-talk phrases with their relaxation CD when appropriate. | |
Homework: Listen to CD every day. Practice calming self-talk. Complete thought journal and challenge maladaptive thinking about the fear of cancer recurrence. Prepare questions for the specialist nurse visit in Session 3. | |
3. | - Visit from nurse specialist. |
- Increase tolerance for uncertainty by discussing acceptable levels of worry. | |
- Challenge faulty beliefs about benefits of worry. | |
- Decrease maladaptive coping strategies. | |
- Teach and practice guided imagery. | |
Homework: Practice guided imagery daily. Continue challenging faulty beliefs about benefits of worry. Complete thought journal, adding a column for behaviors to monitor coping strategies that participants are adopting. | |
4. | - Provide psycho-education about worry and the need for exposure to worst fears. |
- Promote emotion expression and confront specific fears that underlie fear of cancer recurrence. | |
- Write down worst-fear scenario. | |
- Teach and practice mindfulness using a body scan through breathing exercise. | |
Homework: Read worst-fear scenario every day and then do a self-care activity. Practice mindfulness exercises daily. | |
5. | - Review exposure to worst fear scenario exercise. |
- Discuss ways of coping with some of the feared outcomes. | |
- Promote expression of demoralization feelings. | |
- Encourage participants to re-engage with important life goals, people or activities they may have given up. | |
- Discuss what meanings the future and planning now have for them. | |
- Teach and practice mindfulness using eating meditation (Raisin meditation). | |
Homework: Challenge their worst fear scenarios into more likely realistic ones. Write down goals and priorities for the future. | |
6. | - Review all content covered. |
- Discuss future goals. | |
- Set new priorities. | |
- Promote saying good-bye to the group and provide closure. |