. 2016 Apr 1;5(1):94–108. doi: 10.1089/biores.2016.0008

Table 4.

Cell Culture Models of Blood–Brain Barriers

Species	Application(s)	References
Retinal pigment epithelium
Primary isolated bovine cells	Assessment of barrier function	¹¹⁶
Primary isolated rat cells	Assessment of tight junctions	¹¹⁴
Immortalized rat RPE-J cell line	polarity and functions of the retinal pigment epithelium	¹³¹
Immortalized human cells (ARPE-19)	Toxicity, gene delivery, and polarity studies	^136,138,140
Retinal capillary endothelium
Primary isolated bovine retinal capillary (BRCEC)	Permeability studies	¹⁴⁷
Immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelium	Barrier properties	^146,149