Table 1.
Frequency of Rilpivirine Mutations Across Subtypes
| n | % | A1 | B | C | F1 | G | 01_AE | 02_AG | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | |||||||||
| All | 4,631 | 100 | 4.2 | 45.6 | 7.5 | 2.9 | 29.0 | 1.2 | 9.7 |
| Portugal | 3,916 | 100 | 3.5 | 43.6 | 6.8 | 2.9 | 33.9 | 0.1 | 9.3 |
| Belgium | 715 | 100 | 7.8 | 56.8 | 11.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 7.1 | 12.2 |
| ≥1 major | |||||||||
| All | 213 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 12.5 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 4.2 |
| Portugal | 187 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 14.7 | 8.0 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 4.7 |
| Belgium | 26 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 |
| E138A | |||||||||
| All | 146 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 6.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Portugal | 124 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 13.2 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 2.2 |
| Belgium | 22 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 |
| ≥1 minor | |||||||||
| All | 851 | 18.4 | 62.4 | 20.1 | 8.4 | 29.5 | 10.6 | 33.3 | 1.8 |
| Portugal | 686 | 17.5 | 63.0 | 20.2 | 10.5 | 25.6 | 10.3 | 66.7 | 15.9 |
| Belgium | 165 | 23.0 | 60.7 | 19.4 | 1.3 | 52.6 | 37.5 | 31.3 | 21.8 |
| V90I | |||||||||
| All | 137 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 7.3 |
| Portugal | 101 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 6.0 |
| Belgium | 36 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 12.6 |
| A98G | |||||||||
| All | 32 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 7.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
| Portugal | 22 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Belgium | 10 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 52.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| V106I | |||||||||
| All | 227 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 7.4 | 1.8 |
| Portugal | 207 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 8.6 | 0.0 | 6.2 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 1.9 |
| Belgium | 20 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.8 | 1.1 |
| V179I | |||||||||
| All | 266 | 5.7 | 59.3 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 13.6 | 0.7 | 18.5 | 4.0 |
| Portugal | 192 | 4.9 | 60.1 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 15.9 | 0.7 | 33.4 | 3.0 |
| Belgium | 74 | 10.4 | 57.1 | 6.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 17.6 | 8.0 |
| V179D | |||||||||
| All | 50 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 0.0 |
| Portugal | 39 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Belgium | 11 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 0.0 |
| V179E | |||||||||
| All | 78 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
| Portugal | 75 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 1.4 |
| Belgium | 3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 |
| V179T | |||||||||
| All | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Portugal | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Belgium | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Active RPV | |||||||||
| Mean ± SD | |||||||||
| All | — | 95.0 ± 0.7 | 96.6 ± 0.6 | 95.1 ± 0.7 | 86.8 ± 0.8 | 90.7 ± 4.4 | 96.8 ± 0.2 | 98.1 ± 0.0 | 95.4 ± 0.3 |
| Portugal | — | 94.8 ± 0.5 | 96.1 ± 0.4 | 95.1 ± 0.8 | 84.3 ± 1.1 | 92.0 ± 0.0 | 96.7 ± 0.2 | 100 ± 0.0 | 94.9 ± 0.3 |
| Belgium | — | 95.7 ± 1.0 | 97.6 ± 1.0 | 95.4 ± 0.3 | 95.0 ± 0.0 | 82.5 ± 30.1 | 100 ± 0.0 | 98.0 ± 0.0 | 97.7 ± 0.0 |
| ANRS | |||||||||
| All | 4,416 | 95.4 | 96.9 | 95.6 | 87.2 | 93.2 | 96.9 | 98.1 | 95.6 |
| Portugal | 3,727 | 95.2 | 96.4 | 95.6 | 84.9 | 92.0 | 96.8 | 100 | 95.1 |
| Belgium | 689 | 96.3 | 98.2 | 95.6 | 95.0 | 100 | 100 | 98.0 | 97.7 |
| HIVdb | |||||||||
| All | 4,366 | 94.3 | 95.8 | 94.3 | 85.8 | 85.6 | 96.6 | 98.1 | 95.1 |
| Portugal | 3,690 | 94.2 | 95.7 | 94.1 | 83.0 | 92.0 | 96.6 | 100 | 94.5 |
| Belgium | 676 | 94.5 | 96.4 | 95.1 | 95.1 | 47.4 | 100 | 98.0 | 97.7 |
| Rega | |||||||||
| All | 4,413 | 95.3 | 96.9 | 95.5 | 87.2 | 93.2 | 96.9 | 98.1 | 95.6 |
| Portugal | 3,724 | 95.1 | 96.4 | 95.4 | 84.9 | 92.0 | 96.8 | 100 | 95.1 |
| Belgium | 689 | 96.4 | 98.2 | 95.6 | 95.0 | 100 | 100 | 98.0 | 97.7 |
The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among the 4,631 treatment-naive patients is indicated, with for each subtype, the proportion (%) of patients displaying ≥1 major RPV-RAMs, ≥1 minor RPV-RAMs, single RPV-RAMs, and predicted activity to RPV.
Single mutations were only listed when their prevalence significantly differed across subtypes. Estimated drug activity is shown for each individual genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm (ANRS V24, Rega V9.1.0 and HIVdb V7.0.1) and the mean of estimated proportion of each resistance interpretation algorithm together with the SD.
HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type-1; RPV-RAMs, rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations; SD, standard deviation.