Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the 2469 participants.
| Gingival hemorrhage | Tooth loosening | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes (n = 795) | no (n = 1674) | P value | yes (n = 262) | no (n = 2207) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 45.1 (5.80) | 44.7 (5.98) | 0.059 | 48.1 (5.40) | 44.4 (5.87) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 24.3 (2.91) | 24.0 (3.00) | 0.044 | 24.6 (2.93) | 24.0 (2.97) | 0.002 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 103 (13.0) | 189 (11.3) | 0.231 | 29 (11.1) | 263 (11.9) | 0.688 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 210 (26.4) | 377 (22.5) | 0.034 | 75 (28.6) | 512 (23.2) | 0.051 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 329 (41.4) | 798 (47.7) | 0.003 | 158 (60.3) | 969 (43.9) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use (≥ 40g/day), n (%) | 157 (19.7) | 302 (18.0) | 0.308 | 67 (25.6) | 392 (17.8) | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 361 (45.4) | 770 (46.0) | 0.784 | 134 (51.1) | 997 (45.2) | 0.067 |
| Exercise habits, n (%) | 71 (8.9) | 190 (11.4) | 0.068 | 26 (9.9) | 235 (10.6) | 0.718 |
| Prediabetes, n (%) | 232 (29.2) | 435 (26.0) | 0.095 | 92 (35.1) | 575 (26.1) | 0.002 |
| Incident diabetes, n (%) | 53 (6.7) | 80 (4.8) | 0.052 | 29 (11.1) | 104 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; Prediabetes: fasting plasma glucose 5.6 mmol/l (100mg/dl) to 6.9 mmol/l (125mg/dl); Exercise habits: >30 minutes/day and ≥2days/week. Age and BMI were tested by the t-test, and the other factors were tested by the Pearson’s chi-square test.