Table 2. Characteristics of homicides in children under 5 y by age group and sex.
| Characteristic | Boys | Girls | All Children <5 y | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonates (0–28 d) | 1–11 mo | 1–4 y | Neonates (0–28 d) | 1–11 mo | 1–4 y | ||
| All homicides by sex | 51.4% (40.8%, 61.9%) | 21.7% (15.4%, 29.7%) | 26.8% (20.8%, 33.7%) | 52.6% (42.3%, 62.7%) | 21.8% (14.9%, 30.8%) | 25.6% (17.9%, 35.0%) | |
| Urban/rural location | |||||||
| Urban | 72.5% (64.7%, 79.3%) | 50.4% (28.9%, 71.6%) | 66.5% (51.8%, 78.5%) | 57.1% (43.7%, 69.4%) | 60.1% (41.1%, 76.4%) | 44.5% (25.7%, 64.9%) | 59.8% (54.2%, 65.2%) |
| Small town/rural | 27.5% (20.7%, 35.3%) | 49.6% (28.3%, 71.0%) | 33.5% (21.5%, 48.1%) | 42.9% (30.5%, 56.7%) | 39.9% (23.5%, 58.9%) | 55.5% (35.0%, 74.3%) | 40.2% (34.9%, 45.8%) |
| Perpetrator was mother | 100% | 47.7% (30.7%, 65.2%) | 38.3% (22.1%, 57.6%) | 100% | 50.2% (29.5%, 0.9%) | 19.4% (10.1%, 34.0%) | 71.0% (63.9%, 77.2%) |
| Perpetrator mean age (years) | 24.5 (21.0, 27.9) | 27.9 (24.4, 31.4) | 29.9 (25.5, 34.4) | 24.4 (21.9, 26.9) | 31.2 (26.8, 35.6) | 28.8 (25.9, 31.7) | 27.7 (26.0, 29.3) |
| Perpetrator <20 y | 24.9% (10.2%, 49.4%) | 12.0% (2.9%, 38.1%) | 13.7% (5.3%, 31.0%) | 20.5% (7.1%, 46.5%) | 9.4% (1.9%, 36.0%) | 4.5% (0.7%, 22.8%) | 14.7% (8.5%, 24.2%) |
| Perpetrator employed | 14.6% (8.7%, 23.3%) | 13.9% (5.4%, 31.2%) | 14.9% (6.7%, 30.2%) | 0% | 16.5% (5.4%, 40.8%) | 37.3% (24.8%, 51.8%) | 14.0% (10.8%, 17.9%) |
| Child abuse/neglect | 98.5% (91.7%, 99.7%) | 52.8% (31.7%, 72.9%) | 49.6% (28.5%, 70.9%) | 100% | 70.7% (57.1%, 81.4%) | 61.1% (44.1%, 75.8%) | 80.0% (75.7%, 83.6%) |
| Rape suspected | 0% | 0% | 3.0% (0.05%, 15.7%) | 0% | 0% | 25.4% (13.4%, 42.9%) | 3.5% (1.7%, 7.1%) |
| Family murder | 0% | 28.1% (9.6%, 58.9%) | 43.1% (26.3%, 61.7%) | 0% | 18.7% (3.7%, 58.2%) | 59.6% (30.2%, 83.4%) | 19.8% (12.2%, 30.5%) |
| Location where body was found | |||||||
| At victim’s home | 6.7% (3.2%, 13.5%) | 70.9% (56.5%, 82.0%) | 68.7% (52.1%, 81.6%) | 19.0% (10.1%, 32.7%) | 60.5% (43.9%, 75.0%) | 59.4% (45.3%, 72.0%) | 37.1% (32.1%, 42.3%) |
| Other home | 15.9% (8.1%, 29.0%) | 12.0% (4.2%, 29.3%) | 16.9% (7.8%, 33.0%) | 3.7% (1.2%, 11.3%) | 33.1% (20.1%, 49.3%) | 17.9% (9.4%, 31.2%) | 13.9% (9. 5%, 19.9%) |
| Public space | 41.4% (28.0%, 56.3%) | 8.8% (2.6%, 25.6%) | 10.1% (3.8%, 24.3%) | 57.2% (44.9%, 68.3%) | 6.3% (1.2%, 26.9%) | 18.2% (8.5%, 34.7%) | 31.8% (25.5%, 38.9%) |
| Other | 2.1% (0.4%, 9.4%) | 8.3% (2.7%, 2.6%) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 4.5% (0.8%, 19.8%) | 15.3% (11.8%, 19.5%) |
| Unknown | 33.6% (25.6%, 42.6%) | 0% | 4.1% (0.8%, 18.2%) | 20.0% (12.4%, 30.6%) | 0% | 0% | 2.0% (0.8%, 4.7%) |
| Cause of death | |||||||
| Concealed pregnancy | 69.5% (58.4%, 78.6%) | 0% | 0% | 71.8% (63.3%, 79.0%) | 0% | 0% | 38.3% (32.5%, 44.5%) |
| Blunt force | 11.3% (7.1%, 17.5%) | 44.0% (31.1%, 57.7%) | 31.6% (18.5%, 48.3%) | 7.9% (3.4%, 17.0%) | 48.3% (32.6%, 64.3%) | 26.7% (15.2%, 42.5%) | 22.1% (17.6%, 27.5%) |
| Strangulation | 5.0% (2.1%, 11.5%) | 22.7% (11.9%, 39.0%) | 26.7% (15.1%, 42.6%) | 16.5% (11.7%, 22.7%) | 5.2% (1.0%, 3.6%) | 21.0% (10.6%, 37.1%) | 14.6% (11.5%, 18.3%) |
| Gunshot | 0% | 16.6% (8.9%, 28.7%) | 10.9% (4.4%, 24.5%) | 0% | 8.5% (1.9%, 30.0%) | 19.4% (8.1%, 39.7%) | 6.5% (4.0%, 10.3%) |
| Stab | 0% | 0% | 3.0% (0.5%, 15.7%) | 0% | 5.2% (0.9%, 23.6%) | 19.4% (10.1%, 34.0%) | 3.3% (1.7%, 6.3%) |
| Asphyxiation | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 5.2% (0.9%, 23.6%) | 0% | 0.5% (0.1%, 2.6%) |
| Fire death | 0% | 8.3% (2.7%, 22.6%) | 16.5% (6.0%, 37.9%) | 0% | 0% | 4.5% (0.8%, 19.8%) | 3.6% (1.8%, 7.0%) |
| Drowning | 3.5% (1.0%, 11.3%) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0.9% (0.3%, 2.9%) |
| Multiple injuries | 3.5% (1.2%, 9.6%) | 0% | 4.1% (0.8%, 18.2%) | 0% | 0% | 4.5% (0.8%, 19.8%) | 2.0% (0.9%, 4.1%) |
| Undetermined | 3.5% (1.2%, 9.6%) | 0% | 0% | 3.7% (1.2%, 11.3%) | 22.2% (12.1%, 37.3%) | 0% | 4.1% (2.2%, 7.5%) |
| Other | 3.5% (1.2%, 9.5%) | 8.3% (2.0%, 28.1%) | 7.1% (2.1%, 21.1%) | 0% | 5.2% (1.0%, 21.9%) | 4.5% (0.8%, 19.8%) | 3.8% (1.8%, 7.6%) |
| Perpetrator convicted | 8.2% (4.4%, 14.9%) | 13.9% (5.4%, 31.2%) | 30.5% (18.4%, 46.2%) | 6.5% (2.6%, 15.1%) | 13.7% (7.6%, 25.8%) | 47.8% (29.7%, 66.5%) | 16.8% (12.5%, 22.0%) |
Data are given as percent (95% CI) or mean (95% CI). In all, 50.6% (95% CI 46.3%, 54.9%) of the homicides were in boys, and 49.4% (95% CI 45.0%, 53.7%) were in girls.