Table 2.
Children’s Exposure to Partner Violence by Sample Type of Men
| Sample Type
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of Children’s Exposure | Population-based % (n=666) | Helpseeking % (n=375) | χ2 | pb |
| Psychological Aggression | ||||
| Any Exposure to Psychological Aggression | 42.2 | 91.8 | 232.83 | <.001 |
| Psychological Aggression-Minor: Insulted, Swore, Shouted | ||||
| Any Exposure | 41.9 | 90.8 | 229.01 | <.001 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 38.4 | 90.9 | 261.57 | <.001 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 39.9 | 56.5 | 25.89 | <.001 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 36.4 | 56.6 | 38.18 | <.001 |
| Psychological Aggression-Severe: Destroyed Something Belonging to Partner/Threatened Partner/Threatened to Hit Partner | ||||
| Any Exposure | 2.5 | 51.7 | 347.71 | <.001 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 1.4 | 51.9 | 377.63 | <.001 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 1.7 | 2.5 | 0.76 | .383 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.6 | 2.5 | a | a |
|
| ||||
| Physical Assault | ||||
| Any Exposure to Physical Violence | 3.0 | 62.6 | 439.03 | <.001 |
| Physical Assault-Minor: Pushed, Shoved, Slapped Partner | ||||
| Any Exposure | 3.1 | 61.8 | 435.52 | <.001 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 2.6 | 60.7 | 437.27 | <.001 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 2.6 | 8.3 | 17.08 | <.001 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 2.2 | 7.8 | 18.10 | <.001 |
| Physical Assault-Severe: Punches, Kicked, Beat-up Partner | ||||
| Any Exposure | 1.2 | 39.6 | 265.96 | <.001 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 1.2 | 39.7 | 267.08 | <.001 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 0.8 | 1.9 | 2.72 | .099 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.66 | .197 |
|
| ||||
| Sexual Aggression | ||||
| Any Exposure Sexual Aggression | 0.6 | 7.2 | 34.71 | <.001 |
| Sexual Aggression-Minor: Insisted on Sex when Partner Did Not Want To (No Force Used) | ||||
| Any Exposure | 0.6 | 4.1 | 1.21 | .271 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 0.6 | 4.1 | 15.77 | <.001 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.55 | .459 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.04 | .845 |
| Sexual Aggression-Severe: Used Force to Make Partner Have Sex | ||||
| Any Exposure | 0.5 | 3.9 | 0.54 | .462 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 0.5 | 3.6 | 14.64 | <.001 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.53 | .469 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.54 | .461 |
a
Cell sizes are too small to meet standards for statistical reliability.
b
Due to multiple tests of hypotheses, a Bonferonni correction was used to interpret the p-values. With 21 chi-square analyses, the adjusted alpha level is .002. Only p-values less than .002 are considered significant.