Table 3.
Exposure to Partner Violence by Children Whose Fathers Seek Help for Victimization, by Child Age and Gender (n=353)
| Child Age % Exposed to PV |
Child Gender % Exposed to PV |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of Exposure | 0–1 Yr n=15 | 2–5 Yrs n=65 | 6–9 Yrs n=82 | 10–13 Yrs n=100 | 14–17 Yrs n=95 | Χ2 | pb | Female n=181 | Male n=171 | Χ2 | pb |
|
Psychological Aggression
| |||||||||||
| Exposure to Any Type of Psychological Aggression from Either Partner | 80.0 | 88.7 | 90.0 | 92.7 | 96.8 | 7.33 | .119 | 94.3 | 88.8 | 3.28 | .070 |
| Psychological Aggression-Minor: Insulted, Swore, Shouted | |||||||||||
| Any Exposure From Either Partner | 80.0 | 87.5 | 90.0 | 91.0 | 95.8 | 5.91 | .206 | 93.3 | 87.7 | 3.19 | .074 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 80.0 | 87.7 | 90.0 | 91.0 | 95.9 | 6.02 | .198 | 93.4 | 87.8 | 3.24 | .072 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 66.7 | 42.2 | 58.5 | 58.0 | 62.1 | 7.41 | .116 | 56.1 | 55.8 | 0.03 | .955 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 66.7 | 42.2 | 58.8 | 58.0 | 62.1 | 7.44 | .115 | 55.9 | 56.1 | 0.00 | .959 |
| Psychological Aggression-Severe: Destroyed Something Belonging to Partner/Threatened Partner/Threatened to Hit Partner | |||||||||||
| Any Exposure From Either Partner | 40.0 | 47.6 | 43.9 | 59.4 | 55.7 | 6.11 | .191 | 54.8 | 47.7 | 1.77 | .183 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 40.0 | 47.6 | 43.9 | 60.2 | 55.7 | 6.67 | .154 | 55.1 | 48.0 | 1.76 | .185 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 0.0 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 1.75 | .781 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.07 | .795 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 1.68 | .794 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.09 | .769 |
| Physical Assault | |||||||||||
| Exposure to Any Type of Physical Violence from Either Partner | 53.3 | 65.6 | 56.1 | 64.6 | 65.6 | 2.82 | .589 | 62.4 | 61.4 | 0.03 | .854 |
| Physical Assault-Minor: Pushed, Shoved, Slapped Partner | |||||||||||
| Any Exposure from Either Partner | 53.3 | 65.6 | 53.7 | 64.3 | 64.9 | 3.82 | .431 | 60.8 | 61.4 | 0.02 | .904 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 53.3 | 64.6 | 53.7 | 62.0 | 63.9 | 2.96 | .565 | 60.4 | 60.1 | 0.00 | .950 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 6.7 | 6.3 | 11.0 | 7.1 | 9.3 | 1.44 | .837 | 6.1 | 10.5 | 2.30 | .129 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 6.7 | 6.3 | 11.0 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 1.79 | .775 | 6.1 | 9.9 | 1.79 | .181 |
| Physical Assault-Severe: Punches, Kicked, Beat-up Partner | |||||||||||
| Any Exposure from Either Partner | 33.3 | 47.7 | 34.1 | 40.8 | 38.5 | 3.15 | .533 | 43.0 | 35.3 | 2.22 | .136 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 33.3 | 47.7 | 34.1 | 41.4 | 38.1 | 3.266 | .514 | 43.6 | 34.7 | 2.98 | .084 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 4.2 | 4.43 | .351 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 0.76 | .383 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 2.95 | .567 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.24 | .625 |
| Sexual Aggression | |||||||||||
| Exposure to Any Type of Sexual Aggression from Either Partner | 20.0 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 6.4 | 4.03 | .402 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 0.07 | .792 |
| Sexual Aggression-Minor: Insisted on Sex when Partner Did Not Want To (No Force Used) | |||||||||||
| Any Exposure, From Either Partner | 6.7 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 2.86 | .581 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 0.18 | .670 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 6.7 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 2.86 | .581 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 0.18 | .670 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.54 | .338 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.95 | .329 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.59 | .332 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.94 | .332 |
| Sexual Aggression-Severe: Used Force to Make Partner Have Sex | |||||||||||
| Any Exposure, From Either Partner | 13.3 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 4.22 | .377 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 0.14 | .707 |
| Female Partner-to-Male Participant | 13.3 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 5.37 | .251 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 0.46 | .498 |
| Male Participant-to-Female Partner | 6.7 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | a | a | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.00 | .971 |
| Both Partners-Bidirectional, Any Exposure | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 11.85 | .019a | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.06 | .304 |
a
Cell sizes are too small to meet standards for statistical reliability.
b
Due to multiple tests of hypotheses, a Bonferonni correction was used to interpret the p-values. With 27 chi-square analyses for each test of hypothesis, the adjusted alpha level is .002. Only p-values less than .002 are considered significant.