Figure 9. MTF1 and Ca_V3.2 expression levels co-segregate and are increased in hippocampal tissue of patients with HS.

(a) Epileptogenesis in a human individual without any previous neurological symptoms. The patient initially manifested clinically with SE (Supplementary Note 2). Coronal T2-weighted fast spin echo (A–C) and axial diffusion-weighted spin echo planar imaging (EPI) show the rapid development of a right-sided HS in the clinical course. Initially, there is hippocampal swelling (A: arrow) associated with cytotoxic oedema of the CA1 sector (D: arrow). Two weeks later, swelling and cytotoxic oedema are somewhat regredient but still present (B,E). Only 8 weeks later, cytotoxic oedema has disappeared (F) and hippocampal atrophy, that is, HS has manifested (C: arrow). MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) coordinates as derived from the ‘standard brain template' correspond to 30, −14 and 20. (b) Regression analyses of Ca_V3.2 mRNA versus MTF1 mRNA expression in patients with HS. A strong positive correlation between the two variables is present even in the heterogeneous group of human HS hippocampi. (c) Quantitative determination of MTF1 and Ca_V3.2 mRNA. MTF1 and Ca_V3.2 are significantly abundant expressed in hippocampal tissue of TLE patients with HS versus hippocampi from patients with lesion-associated TLE, that is, in which seizures are explained by lesions such as low-grade neoplasms and/or focal dysplasia in the immediate vicinity or even including the hippocampal formation (HS: n=79; lesion associated: n=35; t-test: ***P≤0.001, with synaptophysin as reference gene).