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. 2016 Apr 22;2(4):e1600069. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600069

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Copyright © 2016, The Authors

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2 — Left columns show the electron affinity and ionization potential of semiconductors. Right bars show the work function of metals. The phase is labeled in italics. C stands for pristine graphene, C₂₀N is the N-doped graphene with the C/N ratio of 20:1, and similarly for C₂₀B. For comparison, the work functions of some commonly used 3D metals are also shown.