Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics*
| Characteristic | No Pain (N=41) | Pain (N=152) | P | No Abdominal pain (N=113) | Abdominal Pain (N=80) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean,yrs) | 60.7±8.8 | 57.1±8.9 | 0.03 | 59.1±8.9 | 56.2±8.8 | 0.02* | |
| Female n(%) | 14 (34) | 63 (41) | 0.50 | 39 (35) | 38 (48) | 0.10 | |
| Non-white n(%) | 3 (7) | 14 (9) | 1.00 | 12 (11) | 5 (6) | 0.44 | |
| Latino n(%) | 0 | 4 (3) | 0.58 | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | 1.00 | |
| Income (median,$10k/person) | 2.5(1.9,3.5) | 1.5(1.0,3.3) | 0.08 | 2.3 (1.0,3.8) | 1.5 (1.0,2.5) | 0.01* | |
| BMI (mean, kg/m2) | 32.1±4.6 | 29.1±5.7 | 0.21 | 30.8±4.8 | 27.4±8.6 | 0.57 | |
| Tobacco n(%) | 7 (17) | 35 (23) | 0.54 | 23 (20) | 19 (24) | 0.70 | |
| Heroin/narcotics n(%) | 4 (10) | 26 (17) | 0.37 | 13 (12) | 17 (21) | 0.10 | |
| Illicit drug use n(%) | 13 (32) | 56 (37) | 0.67 | 42 (37) | 27 (34) | 0.74 | |
| ETOH overuse n(%) | 24 (59) | 76 (50) | 0.34 | 68 (60) | 32 (40) | <0.01* | |
| CCI (mean) | 3.8±1.0 | 4.0±1.2 | 0.33 | 3.9±1.1 | 4.0±1.2 | 0.59 | |
| Disability (median PDI) | 0 (0,0) | 4 (2,7) | <0.01 | 2 (0,5) | 5 (2,7) | <0.01* | |
| Liver-Related Variables | |||||||
| Etiology of Liver Diseas | 0.04* | 0.01* | |||||
| HCV n(%) | 13 (32) | 65 (43) | 45 (40) | 33 (41) | |||
| ETOH n(%) | 17 (42) | 32 (21) | 37 (33) | 12 (15) | |||
| NASH n(%) | 11 (27) | 55 (36) | 31 (27) | 35 (44) | |||
| MELD (Mean±sd) | 12.3±5.2 | 12.0±4.7 | 0.79 | 12.2±5.2 | 12.0±4.2 | 0.80 | |
| Child Score (Mean±sd) | 7.4±2 | 7.7±2 | 0.43 | 7.4±2 | 7.9±2 | 0.09 | |
| Ascites n(%) | 20 (49) | 73 (48) | 1.00 | 49 (43) | 44 (55) | 0.15 | |
| Varices n(%) | 10 (24) | 49 (32) | 0.55 | 37 (33) | 22 (28) | 0.55 | |
| Splenomegaly n(%) | 23 (56) | 99 (65) | 0.56 | 62 (55) | 60 (75) | 0.01* | |
| Psychiatric Variables | |||||||
| Anxiety (median) | 2 (1,6) | 7 (4,11) | <0.01* | 4 (2,7) | 9 (5,11) | <0.01* | |
| Depression (median) | 4 (1,5) | 7 (3, 9) | <0.01* | 4 (2,7) | 8 (5,10) | <0.01* | |
| Total HADS (median) | 6 (1,10) | 13 (8,19) | <0.01* | 9 (4,14) | 17 (10,21) | <0.01* | |
| Sleep (median) | 8.4±3.8 | 10.9±4.0 | <0.01* | 9.7±4.1 | 11.5±4.0 | <0.01* | |
| Inflammatory Markers | Normative Values | ||||||
| IL-1β (mean,pg/L) | 3.0±0.2 | 3.3±0.9 | 3.4±0.9 | 0.40 | 3.4±0.9 | 3.4±1.0 | 0.85 |
| IL-6 (mean,pg/L) | 4.0±0.5 | 5.2±1.1 | 5.6±1.1 | 0.04* | 5.4±1.2 | 5.6±1.1 | 0.33 |
| TNFα (mean,pg/L) | 5.6±0.5 | 5.8±0.6 | 5.9±0.6 | 0.23 | 5.9±0.6 | 5.9±1.2 | 0.91 |
| CRP (median,mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.3,1.1) | 1.0(0.5,3.0) | 1.4(0.6,2.9) | 0.48 | 0.9 (0.5,2.5) | 1.8 (0.8,3.1) | <0.01* |
| Medication Use | |||||||
| Opioids N(%) | 0 | 45 (30) | <0.01* | 18 (16) | 27 (34) | <0.01* | |
| SSRI/SNRI N(%) | 13 (32) | 56 (37) | 0.67 | 40 (35) | 29 (36) | 1.00 | |
| Tramadol N(%) | 1 (2) | 12 (8) | 0.22 | 5 (4) | 8 (10) | 0.22 | |
| NSAIDS N(%) | 3 (7) | 19 (13) | 0.58 | 13 (12) | 9 (11) | 1.00 | |
| Acetaminophen N(%) | 0 | 10 (7) | 0.12 | 5 (4) | 5 (6) | 0.82 | |
| Zolpidem N(%) | 2 (5) | 18 (12) | 0.26 | 12 (11) | 8 (10) | 1.00 | |
| Benzodiazepines N(%) | 3 (7) | 19 (13) | 0.58 | 9 (8) | 13 (16) | 0.12 | |
| Sleep Medication N(%) | 9 (22) | 54 (36) | 0.30 | 33 (29) | 30 (38) | 0.15 | |
*
indicates p<0.05, CCI=Charlson Comorbidity Index, cytokines have been In transformed to normalize, mean shown with ±sd, median with (IQR), and N(column %)