Table 2.

Maternal pregnancy-specific medical conditions and time to achieve gross motor milestones in children up to age 24 months. The Upstate KIDS Study.

	Sitting without support n=4893	Standing with assistance n=4892	Hands-and- knees crawling n=4897	Walking with assistance n=4897	Standing alone n=4897	Walking alone n=4897
Diagnosis by any sources	HR (95%CI) p	HR (95%CI) p	HR (95%CI) p	HR (95%CI) p	HR (95%CI) p	HR (95%CI) p
Gestational diabetes
Unadjusted	0.84 (0.75-0.93) 0.001	0.89 (0.79-0.99) 0.04	0.93 (0.82-1.03) 0.20	0.89 (0.78-0.99) 0.04	1.01 (0.88-1.13) 0.93	0.87 (0.76-0.98) 0.03
Model 1	0.85 (0.76-0.95) 0.01	0.92 (0.81-1.02) 0.14	0.94 (0.83-1.05) 0.33	0.88 (0.78-0.99) 0.04	1.00 (0.88-1.13) 0.97	0.88 (0.77-0.99) 0.04
Model 2	0.84 (0.75-0.93) 0.002	0.92 (0.81-1.02) 0.14	0.94 (0.83-1.05) 0.34	0.88 (0.77-0.98) 0.03	1.01 (0.88-1.13) 0.89	0.88 (0.77-0.99) 0.05
Gestational hypertensiona
Unadjusted	0.90 (0.80-1.00) 0.05	0.96 (0.86-1.07) 0.51	0.95 (0.84-1.06) 0.36	0.86 (0.76-0.96) 0.01	1.01 (0.89-1.14) 0.84	0.89 (0.78-1.01) 0.08
Model 1	0.90 (0.80-1.00) 0.06	0.96 (0.85-1.07) 0.49	0.97 (0.85-1.08) 0.58	0.83 (0.73-0.93) 0.002	1.00 (0.87-1.12) 0.96	0.89 (0.77-1.00) 0.07
Model 2	0.92 (0.82-1.02) 0.14	0.99 (0.88-1.10) 0.83	0.99 (0.87-1.11) 0.89	0.86 (0.75-0.96) 0.01	1.02 (0.89-1.15) 0.72	0.91 (0.79-1.03) 0.15
Preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP syndrome
Unadjusted	0.90 (0.81-1.00) 0.05	1.03 (0.92-1.14) 0.59	0.87 (0.77-0.97) 0.02	0.90 (0.79-1.00) 0.06	0.95 (0.84-1.07) 0.42	0.90 (0.79-1.02) 0.11
Model 1	0.90 (0.80-1.00) 0.05	1.05 (0.93-1.16) 0.41	0.88 (0.78-0.98) 0.03	0.88 (0.78-0.99) 0.04	0.94 (0.83-1.06) 0.34	0.89 (0.78-1.00) 0.08
Model 2	0.96 (0.85-1.06) 0.44	1.18 (1.04-1.31) <0.001	0.94 (0.83-1.05) 0.29	0.97 (0.85-1.09) 0.63	0.99 (0.87-1.12) 0.90	0.95 (0.83-1.08) 0.47

^aExcluding superimposed preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP Syndrome

HR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Intervals

Pregnancy-specific medical conditions were defined using maternal rating four months postpartum, birth certificates, or inpatient/outpatient hospital recodes.

Model 1: adjusted for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal history of smoking and drinking alcohol, and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, and infant’s gender; Model 2: additionally adjusted for plurality and infertility treatment.