Table 1.

Obstacles and opportunities of molecular testing in gynecologic cancers.

Opportunities	Obstacles
Advance understanding of cancer(s)	Intrinsic cancer elements
• Identify novel drivers and facilitators	• Unclear functional status of mutation
• Examine heterogeneity	• Heterogeneity
• Dissect cause of molecular events	• Tumor–microenvironment interactions
	• Molecular divergence
	• Activation of secondary pathways
Knowledge on a per-patient basis for therapeutic selection	Selection approaches may miss optimal personal opportunities
Translate science to therapeutic opportunities	Mechanisms of resistance and risk of negating effects of subsequent targeted agents
Drive novel trial designs and statistical models	Cost: patient time (from work, travel, etc), assay costs, and physician and counseling costs
	Low clinical trial participation