Table 1.
Demographic and injury characteristics of hospitalized trauma patients.
| Variables | EMS RSI ≥ 1 ED RSI < 1 n = 85 (II) | EMS RSI < 1 ED RSI ≥ 1 n = 98 (III) | EMS RSI < 1 ED RSI < 1 n = 47 (IV) | EMS RSI ≥ 1 ED RSI ≥ 1 n = 3485 (I) | OR (95%CI) p | OR (95%CI) p | OR (95%CI) p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II vs. I | III vs. I | IV vs. I | ||||||||
| Age | 36.6 ± 13.5 | 39.2 ± 15.5 | 38.9 ± 12.5 | 41.9 ± 14.4 | - | 0.001 | - | 0.071 | - | 0.158 |
| Gender | 0.021 | 0.690 | 0.011 | |||||||
| Male | 60 (70.6) | 55 (56.1) | 36 (76.6) | 2026 (58.1) | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 2.4 (1.2–4.7) | |||
| Female | 25 (29.4) | 43 (43.9) | 11 (23.4) | 1459 (41.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | |||
| GCS | 12.4 ± 3.8 | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 13.0 ± 3.3 | 14.3 ± 2.1 | - | <0.001 | - | 0.669 | - | <0.001 |
| ≤8 | 16 (18.8) | 5 (5.1) | 7 (14.9) | 148 (4.2) | 5.2 (3.0–9.2) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.680 | 3.9 (1.7–9.0) | <0.001 |
| 9–12 | 13 (15.3) | 5 (5.1) | 5 (10.6) | 156 (4.5) | 3.9 (2.1–7.1) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.5–2.9) | 0.768 | 2.5 (1.0–6.5) | 0.044 |
| ≥13 | 56 (65.9) | 88 (89.8) | 35 (74.5) | 3181 (91.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.609 | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | <0.001 |
| AIS | ||||||||||
| Head/Neck | 39 (45.9) | 32 (32.7) | 22 (46.8) | 1074 (30.8) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 0.003 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.698 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | 0.019 |
| Face | 19 (22.4) | 21 (21.4) | 11 (23.4) | 734 ( (21.1) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.773 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.930 | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 0.696 |
| Thorax | 29 (34.1) | 23 (23.5) | 23 (48.9) | 477 (13.7) | 3.3 (2.1–5.2) | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 0.006 | 6.0 (3.4–10.8) | <0.001 |
| Abdomen | 21 (24.7) | 10 (10.2) | 19 (40.4) | 237 (6.8) | 4.5 (2.7–7.5) | <0.001 | 1.6 (0.8–3.0) | 0.190 | 9.3 (5.1–16.9) | <0.001 |
| Extremity | 54 (63.5) | 72 (73.5) | 33 (70.2) | 2585 (74.2) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.027 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.875 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.538 |
| ISS | 15.1 ± 11.1 | 10.5 ± 7.1 | 15.8 ± 11.3 | 8.9 ± 6.9 | - | <0.001 | - | 0.026 | - | <0.001 |
| <16 | 48 (56.5) | 76 (77.6) | 23 (48.9) | 2794 (80.2) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.522 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | <0.001 |
| 16–24 | 16 (18.9) | 16 (6.1) | 14 (29.8) | 483 (13.9) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.192 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.487 | 2.6 (1.4–5.0) | 0.002 |
| ≥25 | 21 (24.7) | 6 (6.1) | 10 (21.3) | 208 (6.0) | 5.2 (3.1–8.6) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.5–2.4) | 0.949 | 4.3 (2.1–8.7) | <0.001 |
| NISS | 17.8 ± 14.4 | 12.3 ± 8.3 | 16.7 ± 12.6 | 10.5 ± 8.5 | - | <0.001 | - | 0.036 | - | <0.001 |
| TRISS | 0.953 ± 0.213 | 0.980 ± 0.142 | 0.957 ± 0.204 | 0.991 ± 0.093 | - | <0.001 | - | 0.233 | - | 0.016 |
| Mortality | 11 (12.9) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (4.3) | 32 (0.9) | 16.0 (7.8–33.0) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.2–8.2) | 0.917 | 4.8 (1.1–20.6) | 0.020 |
| ISS | - | - | - | - | 5.8 (2.3–14.4) | <0.001 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.053 | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) | <0.001 |