Table 3.
Associated injuries of hospitalized trauma patients.
| Variables | EMS RSI ≥ 1 ED RSI < 1 n = 85 (II) | EMS RSI < 1 ED RSI ≥ 1 n = 98 (III) | EMS RSI < 1 ED RSI < 1 n = 47 (IV) | EMS RSI ≥ 1 ED RSI ≥ 1 n = 3485 (I) | OR (95%CI) p | OR (95%CI) p | OR (95%CI) p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II vs. I | III vs. I | IV vs. I | ||||||||
| Head/Neck trauma | ||||||||||
| Neurologic deficit | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.2–12.8) | 0.594 | 1.5 (0.2–11.1) | 0.697 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.568 |
| Cranial fracture | 10 (11.8) | 6 (6.1) | 1 (2.1) | 258 (7.4) | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) | 0.132 | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 0.632 | 0.3 (0.0–2.0) | 0.168 |
| Epidural hematoma | 5 (5.9) | 4 (4.1) | 2 (4.3) | 173 (5.0) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.701 | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 0.691 | 0.9 (0.2–3.5) | 0.824 |
| Subdural hematoma | 10 (11.8) | 7 (7.1) | 4 (8.5) | 319 (9.2) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | 0.411 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.495 | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) | 0.879 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 10 (11.8) | 8 (8.2) | 5 (10.6) | 382 (11.0) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.815 | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.380 | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.944 |
| Intracerebral hematoma | 6 (7.1) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 69 (2.0) | 3.8 (1.6–8.9) | 0.001 | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.498 | - | 0.330 |
| Cerebral contusion | 5 (5.9) | 8 (8.2) | 1 (2.1) | 173 (5.0) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.701 | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | 0.154 | 0.4 (0.1–3.0) | 0.372 |
| Cervical vertebral fracture | 3 (3.5) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (2.1) | 28 (0.8) | 4.5 (1.4–15.2) | 0.007 | 1.3 (0.2–9.5) | 0.813 | 2.7 (0.4–20.2) | 0.318 |
| Maxillofacial trauma | ||||||||||
| Orbital fracture | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 77 (2.2) | - | 0.166 | 1.9 (0.7–5.3) | 0.219 | - | 0.303 |
| Maxillary fracture | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (2.1) | 54 (1.5) | - | 0.248 | 0.7 (0.1–4.8) | 0.674 | 1.4 (0.2–10.2) | 0.750 |
| Mandibular fracture | 6 (7.1) | 10 (10.2) | 6 (12.8) | 247 (7.1) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 0.992 | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 0.238 | 1.9 (0.8–4.6) | 0.134 |
| Nasal fracture | 1 (1.2) | 3 (3.1) | 2 (4.3) | 80 (2.3) | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.494 | 1.3 (0.4–4.3) | 0.619 | 1.9 (0.5–7.9) | 0.375 |
| Thoracic trauma | ||||||||||
| Rib fracture | 11 (12.9) | 17 (17.3) | 14 (29.8) | 357 (10.2) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.419 | 1.8 (1.1–3.1) | 0.023 | 3.7 (2.0–7.0) | <0.001 |
| Hemothorax | 3 (3.5) | 6 (6.1) | 4 (8.5) | 48 (1.4) | 2.6 (0.8–8.6) | 0.099 | 4.7 (2.0–11.2) | <0.001 | 6.7 (2.3–19.3) | <0.001 |
| Pneumothorax | 4 (4.7) | 2 (2.0) | 3 (6.4) | 57 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.1–8.4) | 0.031 | 1.3 (0.3–5.2) | 0.756 | 4.1 (1.2–13.6) | 0.012 |
| Hemopneumothorax | 5 (5.9) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (12.8) | 35 (1.0) | 6.2 (2.4–16.1) | <0.001 | 2.1 (0.5–8.7) | 0.317 | 14.4 (5.8–36.2) | <0.001 |
| Lung contusion | 4 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 43 (1.2) | 4.0 (1.4–11.3) | 0.006 | - | 0.269 | - | 0.444 |
| Abdominal trauma | ||||||||||
| Intra–abdominal injury | 4 (4.7) | 1 (1.0) | 7 (14.9) | 77 (2.2) | 2.2 (0.8–6.1) | 0.127 | 0.5 (0.1–3.3) | 0.426 | 7.7 (3.4–17.8) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic injury | 12 (14.1) | 5 (5.1) | 7 (14.9) | 70 (2.0) | 8.0 (4.2–15.4) | <0.001 | 2.6 (1.0–6.7) | 0.035 | 8.5 (3.7–19.7) | <0.001 |
| Splenic injury | 4 (4.7) | 2 (2.0) | 4 (8.5) | 28 (0.8) | 6.1 (2.1–17.8) | <0.001 | 2.6 (0.6–11.0) | 0.185 | 11.5 (3.9–34.2) | <0.001 |
| Retroperitoneal injury | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.1) | 16.8 (3.2–87.7) | <0.001 | - | 0.707 | - | 0.795 |
| Renal injury | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 13 (0.4) | 6.4 (1.4–29.0) | 0.005 | - | 0.545 | 5.8 (0.7–45.3) | 0.057 |
| Extremity trauma | ||||||||||
| Humeral fracture | 1 (1.2) | 5 (5.1) | 3 (6.4) | 174 (5.0) | 0.2 (0.0–1.6) | 0.107 | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 0.961 | 1.3 (0.4–4.2) | 0.664 |
| Radial fracture | 5 (5.9) | 7 (7.1) | 3 (6.4) | 351 (10.1) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0.203 | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.340 | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | 0.403 |
| Ulnar fracture | 3 (3.5) | 5 (5.1) | 4 (8.5) | 173 (5.0) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) | 0.546 | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 0.951 | 1.8 (0.6–5.0) | 0.268 |
| Pelvic fracture | 6 (7.1) | 4 (4.1) | 7 (14.9) | 121 (3.5) | 2.1 (0.9–4.9) | 0.078 | 1.2 (0.4–3.3) | 0.746 | 4.9 (2.1–11.1) | <0.001 |
| Femoral fracture | 14 (16.5) | 14 (14.3) | 8 (17.0) | 393 (11.3) | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | 0.137 | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.355 | 1.6 (0.8–3.5) | 0.218 |
| Tibial fracture | 10 (11.8) | 14 (14.3) | 5 (10.6) | 373 (10.7) | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 0.755 | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.260 | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.989 |
| Fibular fracture | 5 (5.9) | 10 (10.2) | 3 (6.4) | 222 (6.4) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | 0.856 | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) | 0.128 | 1.0 (0.3–3.3) | 0.997 |