Table 1.
Common exposure sources of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
| VOC Compound | Common Exposure Sources |
|---|---|
| Acrolein | Tobacco smoke, combustion of petroleum fuels, industries where acrolein is used, cooking oil, endogenous [11,12]. |
| Acrylamide | Tobacco smoke, eating carbohydrate-rich foods that are cooked at high temperatures, contaminated well-water, working in the production or use of acrylamide and acrylamide containing products (exposure may occur through skin contact) [11,12,13]. |
| Acrylonitrile | Tobacco smoke, industrial sources or hazardous waste sites [11,12,13]. |
| Benzene | Tobacco smoke, automobile service stations, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions [11,12,13]. |
| 1-Bromopropane | Dry-cleaning, metal-degreasing solvent [11,13]. |
| 1,3-Butadiene | Tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust, waste incineration, or wood fires, drinking contaminated water near production or waste sites [11,12,13]. |
| Carbon disulfide | Tobacco smoke, manufacturing processing [11,12]. |
| Crotonaldehyde | Tobacco smoke, gasoline and diesel engine exhausts, and smoke from wood burning, naturally occur in some foods [11,12]. |
| N,N-Dimethylformamide | Tobacco smoke, building materials, glues [11,12]. |
| Ethylbenzene | Tobacco smoke, burning fossil fuels, industries using ethylbenzene, carpet glues, varnishes, and paints [11,12]. |
| Ethylene oxide | Tobacco smoke, occupational exposure, through use in hospital sterilization or use as a pesticide [11,12,13]. |
| Hydrogen cyanide | Tobacco smoke, food, manufacturing processes, endogenous [11,12]. |
| Propylene oxide | Tobacco smoke, occupational exposure, plastics industry [11,12,13]. |
| Styrene | Tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust, building materials, manufacturing, foods packaged in polystyrene containers [11,12,13]. |
| Toluene | Tobacco smoke, fossil fuels, industrial solvent, paints, paint thinners [11,12] |
| Tetrachloroethylene | Dry-cleaning, metal degreasing solvent, contaminant detected at superfund sites, surface and groundwater contaminant [13]. |
| Trichroloethylene | Dry-cleaning, industrial solvent [13]. |
| Vinyl chloride | Tobacco smoke, breathing contaminated air from plastics industries, hazardous waste sites, and landfills. Drinking water from contaminated wells [11,12,13]. |
| Xylene | Tobacco smoke, gasoline, paint, varnish, shellac, rust preventatives [11,12,13]. |