Table 3.

Significant GST SNPs related to miscellaneous diseases or mechanisms.

Variation	dbSNP ID	SNP Category	Nucleotide Change	Affecting Factor	Related Disease or Mechanism	Reference
GSTA1/NG5-69C/T	rs3957357	Noncoding	C–T	Ethnic Group, Location	Asthma, Allergy	[44]
GSTA2/P110S	rs2234951	Missense	C–T	Environment	Strong LD *	[42]
GSTA2/S112T	rs2180314	Missense	G–C	Environment	Transplant-related mortality, Strong LD *	[42,43]
GSTA2/E210A	rs6577	Missense	A–C	Environment	Strong LD *	[42]
GSTA3/R13W	rs59410661	Missense	A–G	Universal	Carcinogenesis	[14]
GSTA3/Y147D	rs144126679	Missense	A–C	Universal	Carcinogenesis	[14]
GSTM1/K173N	rs1065411	Missense	G–C	Cigarette Smoking	Colorectal Cancer	[45]
GSTM1/T154S	rs135955605	Missense	C–G	Climate, Environment	Bull Sperm Quality	[46]
GSTM3/R191L	rs1803686	Missense	C–A	Universal	Carcinogenesis	[14]
GSTM4/R18L	rs138088784	Missense	G–T	Universal	Carcinogenesis	[14]
GSTM5/NG5	rs3754446	Noncoding	T–G	Ethnic Group	AML	[47]
GSTP1/I105V	rs1695	Missense	A–G	Arsenic, Carcinogenic Compounds	Asthma, BC, Inflammation, Gastric Cancer, Autism and Alzheimer’s	[9,10,11,12,13]
GSTP1/A114V	rs1138272	Missense	C–T	Ethnic Group	MND	[41,48]
GSTP1/S185S	rs4891	Synonymous	T–C	Cigarette Smoking	Lung Cancer	[49]
GSTP1/intron	rs4147581	Noncoding	G–C	Ethnic Grp., Location	HCC	[50]
GSTP1/NG3	rs947895	Noncoding	C–A	Ethnic Grp., Location	Asthma	[51]
GSTT1/V51I/V169I	rs2266637	Missense	G–A	Ethnic Group	Carcinogenesis	[52,53]
GSTT1/W101R	rs141759372	Missense	A–G	Universal	Carcinogenesis	[14]
GSTT1/3′-UTR	rs4630	Noncoding	C–T	Thalidomide	Peripheral Neuropathy	[54]
GSTO1/A112D/A140D	rs4925	Missense	C–A	Ethnic Grp., Location	Alzheimer Disease	[55]
GSTO2/N142D	rs156697	Missense	A–G	Smoking, UV exposure	Cataract, Asthma, Lung function	[44,56,57]
GSTO2/3′-UTR	rs7085725	Noncoding	T–C	Ethnic Grp., Location	HCC	[50]
GSTZ1/E32K	rs7975	Missense	G–A	Cigarette Smoking	Carcinogenesis	[58,59]
GSTZ1/intron	rs1468951	Noncoding	C–A	Ethnic Group	Cognition	[60]

Abbreviations: BC, Breast Cancer; LD, Linkage Disequilibrium; AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; NG5, Near-Gene-5; AML, Acute myeloid leukemia; NG3, Near-Gene-3; MND, Motor Neuron Disease; HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Missense, Missense SNP; Synonymous, Synonymous SNP; UTR, UnTranslated Region. (Note 1: Universal factor can be environmental or genetic; Note 2: NG5 (Near-gene-5), near 5′ end of the gene; Note 3: NG3 (Near-gene-3), near 3′ end of the gene.).* Strong LD: GSTA2 (P110S, S112T, and E210A) are in linkage disequilibrium (with one another), which displays potential damage by these three GSTA2 variants collectively [42] although it has only been shown that GSTA2 S112T serine allele homozygosity is a prognostic factor for poorer survival, for increased any time- and 100-day transplant-related mortality [43].