Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of individuals who often experienced hunger during childhood in the United States.
| Often Experienced Frequent Hunger? (“How Often Did a Parent or Other Adult Living in Your Home Make You Go Hungry or Not Prepare You Regular Meals?”) |
Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Factors | No (n = 33,991, 98.4%) | Yes (n = 436, 1.16%) | ||||||
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–34 years | 25.47 | (25.11–25.83) | 24.45 | (22.24–26.80) | 1.13 | (0.93–1.37) | 1.53 | (1.25–1.88) |
| 35–49 years | 31.11 | (30.79–31.44) | 31.33 | (29.18–33.57) | 1.18 | (0.99–1.42) | 1.80 | (1.49–2.17) |
| 50–64 years | 24.13 | (23.82–24.45) | 27.80 | (25.67–30.05) | 1.35 | (1.12–1.64) | 1.96 | (1.61–2.38) |
| 65 and older | 19.29 | (19.05–19.53) | 16.41 | (14.18–18.91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 51.94 | (51.61–52.27) | 63.30 | (60.73–65.79) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 48.06 | (47.73–48.39) | 36.70 | (34.21–39.27) | 0.63 | (0.56–0.70) | 0.64 | (0.58–0.72) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 70.67 | (72.19–73.14) | 65.09 | (62.75–67.37) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| African American | 11.29 | (10.89–11.71) | 9.88 | (8.63–11.28) | 0.98 | (0.84–1.13) | 0.72 | (0.62–0.84) |
| Hispanic | 4.31 | (4.19–4.44) | 5.21 | (4.90–5.53) | 1.89 | (1.67–2.13) | 1.31 | (0.12–1.54) |
| Other | 11.37 | (11.53–11.93) | 19.82 | (18.13–21.63) | 2.10 | (1.82–2.43) | 1.94 | (1.68–2.24) |
| Household Income | ||||||||
| <$20,000 | 19.37 | (19.10–19.65) | 31.16 | (28.55–33.88) | 2.81 | (2.49–3.18) | 2.27 | (2.02–2.55) |
| $20,000–$34,999 | 18.77 | (18.46–19.08) | 27.80 | (25.19–30.58) | 2.59 | (2.24–3.00) | 2.22 | (1.95–2.54) |
| $35,000–$69,999 | 32.37 | (32.07–32.67) | 24.19 | (21.66–26.91) | 1.31 | (1.13–1.52) | 1.20 | (1.03–1.39) |
| >$70,000 | 29.49 | (29.22–29.76) | 16.86 | (15.47–18.33) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Education Level | ||||||||
| Less than H.S. | 13.78 | (13.52–14.05) | 28.82 | (25.61–32.25) | 3.16 | (2.63–3.79) | 2.32 | (1.91–2.82) |
| H.S. Graduate | 27.43 | (27.06–27.81) | 30.34 | (27.34–33.53) | 1.67 | (1.45–1.93) | 1.42 | (1.23–1.64) |
| Some College | 21.77 | (21.47–22.07) | 16.35 | (14.75–18.08) | 1.13 | (0.97–1.33) | 1.01 | (0.86–1.18) |
| Completed AA, BA, or Technical Degree | 37.01 | (36.64–37.38) | 24.49 | (22.29–26.83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Region of U.S. | ||||||||
| West | 17.75 | (17.33–18.18) | 22.44 | (20.26–24.77) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Northeast | 18.53 | (18.19–18.88) | 16.61 | (14.71–18.70) | 1.18 | (1.01–1.39) | 1.21 | (1.03–1.42) |
| Midwest | 38.42 | (37.97–38.87) | 33.87 | (30.60–37.31) | 0.84 | (0.72–0.97) | 0.81 | (0.69–0.94) |
| South | 25.30 | (24.95–25.65) | 27.08 | (24.63–29.67) | 0.82 | (0.69–0.98) | 0.83 | (0.70–0.98) |
| Urbanicity | ||||||||
| Rural | 67.27 | (66.77–67.77) | 64.47 | (61.14–67.68) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Urban | 32.73 | (32.23–33.23) | 35.53 | (32.32–38.86) | 1.13 | (0.99–1.30) | 1.09 | (0.96–1.25) |
Adjusted odds ratios adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, household income, education level, region of the United States, and urbanicity. Odds ratios and confidence intervals in bold are statistically significant.