Table 4.
Impulse-control problems among individuals who often experienced hunger during childhood in the United States.
| Often Experienced Frequent Hunger? (“How Often did a Parent or other Adult Living in Your Home Make You Go Hungry or not Prepare You Regular Meals?”) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (Never/Almost Never/Sometimes) |
Yes (Fairly Often/Often) |
Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| (n = 33,991, 98.84%) | (n = 436, 1.16%) | |||||||
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Impulse-Control Deficits | ||||||||
| Any self-control deficit | ||||||||
| No | 74.24 | (73.93–74.55) | 48.82 | (45.60–52.05) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 25.76 | (25.45–26.07) | 51.18 | (47.95–54.40) | 3.02 | (2.65–3.45) | 1.97 | (1.70–2.29) |
| Have you often done things impulsively? | ||||||||
| No | 83.12 | (82.84–83.40) | 65.21 | (61.89–68.38) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 16.88 | (16.60–17.16) | 34.79 | (31.62–38.11) | 2.63 | (2.27–3.04) | 1.70 | (1.45–2.00) |
| Have even little things made you angry or have you had difficulty controlling your anger? | ||||||||
| No | 92.69 | (92.53–92.84) | 83.77 | (82.15–85.27) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 7.31 | (7.16–7.47) | 16.23 | (14.73–17.85) | 2.45 | (2.17–2.77) | 1.19 | (1.04–1.36) |
| Have you often had temper outbursts or gotten so angry that you lose control? | ||||||||
| No | 93.23 | (93.06–93.39) | 78.57 | (76.91–80.14) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 6.77 | (6.61–6.94) | 21.43 | (19.86–23.09) | 3.75 | (3.40–4.14) | 1.81 | (1.61–2.03) |
| Have you hit people or thrown things when you got angry? | ||||||||
| No | 91.28 | (91.11–91.45) | 76.96 | (74.23–79.49) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 8.72 | (8.55–8.89) | 23.01 | (20.51–25.77) | 3.13 | (2.70–3.64) | 1.66 | (1.39–1.98) |
Odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, education level, region of the United States, urbanicity, antisocial parental history, parental drug abuse history, and clinical, personality disorders, and alcohol and drug use disorders. Odds ratios and confidence intervals in bold are significant at p < 0.05 or lower.