Table 1.
Comparison between pen-and-paper, and mobile and web technology using pre and post treatment results by study and overall.
| Pain intensity | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Variable | Technology | Pen and Paper | Technology | Pen and Paper | Favourable To | ||||
| Pre Treatment | Post Treatment | Pre Treatment | Post Treatment | Aggregated Value | SD | Aggregated Value | SD | |||
| Value (SD) | Value (SD) | Value (SD) | Value (SD) | |||||||
| Berman [41] | BPI (mean) | 52 (19.40) | 45.60 (18.30) | 54.30 (17.40) | 47.30 (18.40) | 48.61 | 13.31 | 51 | 12.64 | Technology |
| Buhrman [36] | Pain (mean) | 37.40 (18.20) | 34.30 (16.80) | 44.4 (14.20) | 39.6 (16.30) | 35.73 | 12.34 | 42.33 | 10.71 | Technology |
| MP—pa in severity | 63.33 (31.67) | 40 (18.33) | 83.33 (28.33) | 53.33 (13.33) | 45.86 | 15.87 | 58.77 | 12.06 | Technology | |
| Devineni [42] | Headache pain | 31.80 (17) | 18.60 (13) | 35.50 (15.50) | 30.60 (14.70) | 23.47 | 10.33 | 32.92 | 10.67 | Technology |
| Hicks [43] | Pain (mean) | 48 (13) | 34 (24) | 43 (16) | 47 (22) | 44.82 | 11.43 | 44.38 | 12.94 | Pen-and-Paper |
| Litt [44] | MPI (mean) | 43.83 (21) | 20.50 (16.33) | 35.17 (14.33) | 25 (22.67) | 29.29 | 12.89 | 32.26 | 12.11 | Technology |
| Ljótsson [45] | Pain | 65 (42.50) | 35 (37.50) | 60 (37.50) | 60 (40) | 48.13 | 28.12 | 60 | 27.36 | Technology |
| Lorig [39] | Pain | 65.30 (22.70) | 58.60 (24.40) | 63.70 (22.20) | 63.40 (23.10) | 62.19 | 16.62 | 63.56 | 16.01 | Technology |
| Palermo [37] | Pain | 54.50 (22.50) | 35.40 (24.20) | 51.70 (16.50) | 47.60 (18.40) | 45.64 | 16.48 | 49.87 | 12.28 | Technology |
| Retrospective pain | 66.30 (18.70) | 49.60 (21.80) | 61.60 (18.40) | 54.50 (20.40) | 59.22 | 14.19 | 58.42 | 13.66 | Pen-and-Paper | |
| Ruehlman [46] | PCP-S—pain severity | 76.47 (9.72) | 71.10 (12.94) | 74.78 (10.91) | 71.66 (13.28) | 74.53 | 7.77 | 73.52 | 8.43 | Pen-and-Paper |
| Turner [47] | Pain (mean) | 43 (22) | 39 (24) | 43 (19) | 40 (22) | 41.17 | 16.22 | 41.72 | 14.38 | Technology |
| Williams [48] | BPI—pain severity | 51 (14) | 43 (16) | 49 (14) | 49 (15) | 47.53 | 10.54 | 49 | 10.23 | Technology |
| Fusion | value | 55.90 (4.80) | 40.57 (5.08) | 52.65 (4.56) | 49.02 (4.94) | 48.67 | 3.49 | 50.98 | 3.35 | Equivalent |
| alpha | 23.04 | 25.82 | 20.79 | 24.38 | ||||||