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Postoperative Outcomes
| Outcome | Subxiphoid (N = 127) | Thoracotomy (N = 52) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to extubation, hours | 3.6 ± 10.1 | 12.9 ± 21.9 | 0.002 |
| Intravenous morphine equivalents (48 h) | 32.4 ± 40.5 | 78.3 ± 73.0 | 0.0001 |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 11.0 ± 7.5 | 11.1 ± 9.5 | 0.91 |
| Postoperative pericardial effusion (moderate or large) | 12 (9.4 %) | 0 % | 0.02 |
| Repeat pericardial window | 5 (3.9 %) | 0 % | 0.15 |
| Perioperative death | 9 (7.1 %) | 4 (7.7 %) | 1.00 |
