Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the respondents and association with scores on the adapted Family Interview Schedule (FIS) stigma scale
| Characteristic | N (%) | Mean FIS score | Standardised B coefficient | t-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caregiver characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | Mean age 36.9 years | |||||
| <25 | 9 (8.8) | 14.9 | ||||
| 25-34 | 30 (29.4) | 10.5 | ||||
| 35-44 | 41 (40.2) | 12.8 | ||||
| ≥45 | 22 (21.6) | 12.2 | ||||
| Religion | Orthodox | 73 (71.6) | 13.9 | .21 | 2.23 | .028 |
| Protestant | 16 (15.7) | 6.6 | ||||
| Muslim | 13 (12.7) | 9.7 | ||||
| Marital status | Married | 70 (68.6) | 11.0 | |||
| Never married | 9 (8.8) | 11.7 | ||||
| Formerly married | 12 (11.8) | 18.3 | ||||
| Not applicable | 11 (10.8) | 13.5 | ||||
| Level of education | No formal education | 22 (21.6) | 13.8 | |||
| Completed grade (1-12) | 62 (60.8) | 11.6 | ||||
| Diploma and above | 18 (17.6) | 8.4 | ||||
| Occupation | Farmer | 11 (10.8) | 9.9 | |||
| Housewife | 49 (48.0) | 13.2 | ||||
| Employed | 34 (33.3) | 10.7 | ||||
| Unemployed | 8 (7.8) | 13.9 | ||||
| Residence | Urban | 82 (80.4) | 12.4 | |||
| Rural | 20 (19.6) | 11.6 | ||||
| Child characteristics | ||||||
| Age of child with developmental disorder | Mean age 8.2 years | |||||
| 1-6 years | 32 (31.4) | 11.4 | ||||
| 7-12 years | 61 (59.8) | 11.8 | ||||
| 13-18 years | 9 (8.8) | 17.6 | ||||
| Gender | Boy | 77 (75.5) | 11.5 | |||
| Girl | 25 (24.5) | 14.4 | ||||
| Siblings with developmental problems | No | 97 (95.1) | 12.3 | |||
| Yes | 5 (4.9) | 10.8 | ||||
| Type of developmental disorder | Autism spectrum disorder | 34 (33.3) | 11.9 | |||
| Intellectual disability | 68 (66.7) | 12.3 | ||||
| Caregiver explanatory models | ||||||
| Supernatural causal explanation | No | 46 (45.1) | 9.2 | |||
| Yes | 56 (54.9) | 14.6 | .22 | 2.40 | .018 | |
| Biomedical causal explanation | No | 41 (40.2) | 10.2 | |||
| Yes | 61 (59.8) | 13.6 | ||||
| First looked for help | Traditional institution | 56 (54.9) | 10.7 | |||
| Biomedical institution | 46 (45.1) | 14.0 | ||||
| Ever sought help from traditional institution | No | 34 (33.3) | 7.0 | |||
| Yes | 68 (66.7) | 14.8 | .27 | 2.95 | .004 | |
| Traditional treatment tried | No | 42 (41.2) | 8.8 | |||
| Yes | 60 (58.8) | 14.6 | ||||
| Biomedical treatment tried | No | 61 (59.8) | 12.4 | |||
| Yes | 41 (40.2) | 11.9 | ||||
Note: FIS Family Interview Schedule; the original FIS was adapted to be appropriate for caregivers of children with developmental disorders