Table 1.

Type and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury

	Diffuse brain injury	Focal brain injury
Primary brain injury	• Diffuse axonal injury • Petechial white matter hemorrhage with diffuse vascular injury	• Focal cortical contusion • Intracerebral hemorrhage • Extracerebral hemorrhage (i.e., ASDH, AEDH)
Secondary brain injury	• Delayed neuronal injury • Diffuse brain swelling • Diffuse ischemic injury • Diffuse hypoxic injury • Diffuse metabolic dysfunction	• Delayed neuronal injury • Focal brain swelling • Focal ischemic injury • Focal hypoxic injury • Regional metabolic dysfunction

ASDH acute subdural hematoma, AEDH acute epidural hematoma