Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of maternal-child pairs, stratified by maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization. Data are N (%) or mean±std.
| GBS+ N=80 (30.5%) |
GBS− N=182 (69.5%) |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 29.1±5.3 | 30.0±5.1 | 0.16 | |
| Race | 0.091 | |||
| White | 15 (18.8%) | 55 (30.2%) | ||
| African-American | 56 (70.0%) | 102 (56.0%) | ||
| Other | 9 (11.2%) | 25 (13.7%) | ||
| Married | 49 (61.3%) | 120 (65.9%) | 0.56 | |
| Nulliparous | 35 (43.8%) | 70 (38.5%) | 0.50 | |
| Pre-Pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7±7.8 | 29.5±8.0 | 0.39 | |
| Vaginal Delivery | 50 (62.5%) | 112 (61.5%) | 0.92 | |
| Antibiotic Use* | <0.001 | |||
| Antibiotics During Pregnancy but not Delivery |
2 (2.6%) | 28 (15.6%) | ||
| Antibiotics During Delivery | 58 (75.3%) | 51 (28.5%) | ||
| No Antibiotics During Pregnancy or Delivery |
17 (22.1%) | 100 (55.9%) | ||
| Vaginally-applied Antifungal use in pregnancy |
24 (31.2%) | 29 (16.2%) | 0.011 | |
| Gestational age at GBS test (weeks) | 34.7±2.4 | 35.4±1.6 | 0.031 | |
| Neonate characteristics | ||||
| Female gender | 40 (50.0%) | 88 (48.4%) | 0.91 | |
| Gestational age at delivery | 38.9±1.6 | 38.9±1.5 | 0.84 | |
| Birthweight Z-Score | −0.23±0.93 | −0.01±0.97 | 0.20 | |
| Breastfeeding (At 1 Month) | 48 (61.5%) | 96 (54.2%) | 0.34 | |
| Breastfeeding (At 6 Months) | 22 (29.3%) | 45 (25.6%) | 0.65 | |
| Early Solid Food Introduction (<4 months of age) |
36 (45.0%) | 73 (40.1%) | 0.55 | |
| Antibiotic Use (before stool sample collection†) |
10 (14.9%) | 19 (12.6%) | 0.80 | |
| Antibiotic Use Before 1 Month Visit | 2 (3.0%) | 6 (3.8%) | 1.00 | |
| Stool Sample Collection | 0.94 | |||
| 1 month | 35 (43.8%) | 77 (42.3%) | ||
| 6 month | 45 (56.3%) | 105 (57.7%) | ||
BMI, body mass index
*
Mututally exclusive categories
†
Before sample collection for 1 month stools or before 1 month visit for 6 month stools.