TABLE 3.
Baseline characteristics of study population stratified by diagnosis type.
| Psychiatric disorder only (N = 26) |
Dual Diagnosis (N = 51) |
Triple diagnosis (N = 88) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, years (IQR)* | 36.5 (28–45) | 32 (26–40) | 37 (30.5–42) | .06 |
| Ethnicity* | .08 | |||
| Malay | 14 (53.9) | 36 (70.6) | 60 (68.2) | — |
| Chinese | 5 (19.2) | 7 (13.7) | 12 (13.6) | — |
| Indian | 4 (15.4) | 8 (15.7) | 16 (18.2) | — |
| Other | 3 (11.5) | 0 | 0 | — |
| Religion (Muslim) | 17 (65.4) | 39 (76.5) | 66 (75.0) | .55 |
| Married* | 6 (23.1) | 31 (60.8) | 55 (62.5) | <.01 |
| Education level | .50 | |||
| Primary or below | 11 (42.3) | 12 (23.5) | 30 (34.1) | — |
| Incomplete secondary | 7 (26.9) | 21 (41.2) | 29 (33.0) | — |
| Complete secondary or higher | 8 (30.8) | 18 (35.3) | 29 (33.0) | — |
| Employed at incarceration | 13 (50.0) | 25 (49.0) | 32 (36.4) | .26 |
| Income below poverty level (500RM) | 2 (7.7) | 5 (9.8) | 9 (10.2) | 1.00 |
| History of transfusion | 5 (19.2) | 4 (7.8) | 14 (16.1) | .25 |
| History of injection drug use* | 0 | 18 (35.3) | 83 (95.4) | <.01 |
| Median duration of HIV diagnosis in months (IQR) |
36 (12–96) | |||
| Cumulative lifetime served in prison, median months (IQR)* |
10.5 (2–48) | 16 (7–84) | 46 (28–88) | <.01 |
| Sentence length for current imprisonment, median months (IQR)* |
8.5 (3–12) | 7 (3–12) | 5 (2–16) | <.01 |
| Imprisonment charge* | <.01 | |||
| Violent offense | 4 (15.4) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Property offense | 7 (26.9) | 13 (25.5) | 18 (20.5) | |
| Drug offense | 1 (3.9) | 25 (49.0) | 51 (58.0) | |
| Public disorder offense | 14 (53.9) | 10 (19.6) | 18 (20.5) | |
| Substance-related diagnosis | None (0) | All (100) | All (100) | N/A |
| Opioid use | 0 | 42 (82.4) | 88 (100) | N/A |
| Amphetamine use | 0 | 31 (60.8) | 51 (58.0) | N/A |
| Cannibis use | 0 | 33 (64.7) | 57 (64.8) | N/A |
| Sedative use | 0 | 2 (3.9) | 23 (26.1) | N/A |
| Polysubstance diagnosis | 0 | 38 (74.5) | 74 (84.1) | N/A |
| Alcohol-related diagnosis | 6 (23.1) | 11 (21.6) | 18 (20.5) | .97 |
| History of psychiatric consultation prior to incarceration |
1 (3.9) | 7 (13.7) | 15 (17.1) | .24 |
| History of psychiatric visit during incarceration |
1 (3.9) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (3.4) | .87 |
*
These variables were included as controls in multivariate analysis.