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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 27.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2015 Feb;105(2):678–709. doi: 10.1257/aer.20121656

Figure 2. The Effect of Toxic Plants on Ambient Hazardous Air Pollution, All Pollutants.

Figure 2

Notes: This figure plots marginal effects and ninety-fifth percentile confidence intervals from a regression of ambient hazardous pollution on a quartic in distance to the nearest operating toxic plant. The unit of observation is the monitor-plant pair and the regression includes monitor- plant fixed effects so the distance gradient is identified using plant openings and closings. In the regression sample, pollutants are pooled, standardizing each pollutant to be mean 0 and standard deviation 1. The distance gradient can therefore be interpreted as standard deviations from the mean value. Standard errors for the regression are two-way clustered on plant and monitor, and the pointwise standard errors in the figure are calculated using the delta method.