Table 1. Patient’s characteristics, stratified according to the presence of diabetic neuropathy.
| Without overt neuropathy | Overt neuropathy present | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender a | 64 (45.4%) | 25 (43.9%) | 0.845 |
| Age (years) b | 59 [12] | 64.5 [10.5] | 0.001* |
| Diabetes duration (years) b | 7 [9] | 7 [9] | 0.867 |
| HbA1c (%) c | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 0.620 |
| BMI (kg/m2) c | 29.9 ± 4.3 | 31.9 ± 3.9 | 0.030* |
| PHQ-9 score (points) c | 7.2 ± 5.3 | 12.2 ± 7.9 | 0.011* |
| Smokers a | 50 (35.5%) | 15 (26.3%) | 0.215 |
| Hypertensive patients a | 117 (83.0%) | 45 (78.9%) | 0.505 |
| Chronic kidney disease a | 20 (14.2%) | 32 (56.1%) | <0.001* |
| Retinopathy a | 31 (22.0%) | 31 (54.4%) | <0.001* |
* Differences are statistically significant at α<0.05 threshold
a Dichotomous variables. Results are presented as number of individuals and (percentage from the sub-group). p value was calculated using chi-square test.
b Numerical variables with non-parametric distribution. Results are presented as median and [interquartile range]. p value was calculated using Mann-Whitney U test.
c Numerical variables with Gaussian distribution. Results are presented as average ± standard deviation. p value was calculated using unpaired t-student test.
HbA1c –Hemoglobin A1c
BMI—Body mass index
PHQ-9 –Patient’s health questionnaire-9