Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with diabetes
| All | CAD(−) | CAD(+) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 332 | 133 | 199 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 219/113 | 78/55 | 141/58 | 0.021 |
| Age (years) | 64 ± 11 | 61.6 ± 11.5 | 65.6 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 4 | 24.5 ± 4.5 | 24.0 ± 3.7 | 0.2781 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.2 ± 9 | 7.9 ± 7.8 | 11.7 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | 197/331 (59.5) | 69/133 (51.9) | 128/198 (64.6) | 0.020 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 139 ± 21 | 134 ± 19 | 142 ± 22 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 ± 13 | 78 ± 13 | 77 ± 14 | 0.694 |
| Hypertension (%) | 234/332 (70.5) | 79/133 (59.4) | 155/199 (77.9) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia(%) | 208/332 (62.7) | 74/133 (55.6) | 134/199 (67.3) | 0.031 |
| Family history of CAD (%) | 36/276 (13.0) | 19/111(17.1) | 17/165 (10.3) | 0.147 |
| Therapy, diet/oral hypoglycemic agents/insulin (%) | 59/160/110 (18/49/33) | 33/64/34 (25/49/26) | 26/96/76 (13/49/38) | |
| Retinopathy (%) | 111/330 (33.6) | 33/132 (25.0) | 78/198 (39.4) | 0.007 |
| Nephropathy (%) | 102/331 (30.8) | 36/132 (27.3) | 66/199 (33.2) | 0.255 |
| Neuropathy (%) | 150/330 (45.5) | 55/132 (41.7) | 95/198 (48.0) | 0.259 |
| HbA1c | 8.0 ± 1.9 | 7.8 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 0.026 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 200 ± 40 | 197 ± 38 | 201 ± 41 | 0.320 |
| LDL‐C (mg/dL) | 116 ± 33 | 112 ± 31 | 119 ± 34 | 0.057 |
| HDL‐C (mg/dL) | 53 ± 15 | 53 ± 15 | 52 ± 15 | 0.464 |
| TG (mg/day) | 130 (202, 90) | 120 (198, 79) | 131 (203, 92) | 0.447 |
| Presence of carotid plaque (%) | 255/332 (76.8) | 72/133 (54.1) | 183/199 (92.0) | <0.001 |
| CIMT (mm) | 0.889 ± 0.185 | 0.817 ± 0.188 | 0.938 ± 0.167 | <0.001 |
| Plaque score (mm) | 4.2 (8.9, 1.3) | 1.3 (4, 0) | 6.6 (10.7, 3.8) | <0.001 |
| Maximum thickness of plaque (mm) | 2.1 (3, 1.1) | 1.2 (2, 0) | 2.6 (3,2) | <0.001 |
Nephropathy: persistent proteinuria (diabetic nephropathy stage 3). Retinopathy: simple or proliferative retinopathy. Neuropathy: peripheral or autonomic neuropathy. The values of triglyceride (TG), plaque score and maximum thickness of plaque were expressed as median (75th percentile, 25th percentile). CAD, coronary artery disease; CAD(+), presence of obstructive (50%) coronary artery disease; CIMT, common carotid artery intima‐media thickness; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol.