Table 1. Study Characteristics.

Article	Reference Number	Intervention	N	Protocol	Enrollment criteria	Study Type	RCT	Jadad Score
Anne et al. 2004	6	Automated Injection	253	Contrast injection with ACIST device	Catheterization and/or PCI	Prospective	+	2
Anne et al. 2004	6	Manual Injection	200	Manual contrast injection using stopcock-manifold system	Catheterization and/or PCI	Prospective	+	2
Brosh et al. 2005	4	Automated Injection	117	Contrast injection with ACIST device	Catheterization and angiography or PCI		+	1
Brosh et al. 2005	4	Manual Injection	95	Manual injection with hand syringe	Catheterization and angiography or PCI		+	1
Call et al. 2006	5	Automated Injection	377	Automated contrast injection	Catheterization and PCI	Retrospective observational	0	1
Call et al. 2006	5	Manual Injection	1,798	Manual injection with hand syringe	Catheterization and PCI	Retrospective observational	0	1
Chahoud et al. 2001	7	Automated Injection	47	Contrast injection using 4Fr ACIST device	Catheterization and coronary arteriography	Prospective	+	1
Chahoud et al. 2001	7	Manual Injection	49	Manual injection with 4Fr catheter	Catheterization and coronary arteriography	Prospective	+	1
Godley et al. 2012	16	Automated Injection	7,970	Contrast injection using ACIST device	Catheterization and ad hoc PCI	Retrospective observational	0	1
Godley et al. 2012	16	Manual Injection	5,137	Manual injection	Catheterization and ad hoc PCI	Retrospective observational	0	1
Gonzalez et al. 2010	11	Automated Injection	80	Contrast injection using 4Fr catheter	Catheterization	Prospective	+	1
Gonzalez et al. 2010	11	Manual Injection	84	Manual injection with 6Fr catheter	Catheterization	Prospective	+	1
Gurm et al. 2013	8	Automated Injection	9,995	Automated injection with ACIS; catheter size per operator preference	PCI	Propensity matching retrospective observational	0	1
Gurm et al. 2013	8	Manual Injection	50,889	Manual injection; catheter size per operator preference	PCI	Propensity matching retrospective observational	0	1
Hwang et al. 2013	12	Automated Injection	306	Contrast injection using Avanta Fluid Management Injection System	Catheterization and ad hoc PCI	Prospective	+	1
Hwang et al. 2013	12	Manual Injection	1,052	Manual injection with	Catheterization and ad hoc PCI	Prospective	+	1
Hou et al. 2010	9	Automated Injection	856	Contrast injection using 4Fr ACIST device	Coronary angiography	Prospective	0	0
Hou et al. 2010	9	Manual Injection	960	Manual injection with 6Fr catheter	Coronary angiography	Prospective	0	0
Khoukaz et al. 2001	10	Automated Injection	47	Contrast injection using 4Fr ACIST device	Catheterization and coronary arteriography	Prospective	+	1
Khoukaz et al. 2001	10	Manual Injection	46	Manual injection with 6Fr catheter	Catheterization and coronary arteriography	Prospective	+	1