Table 2. Awareness of each symptom of acute myocardial infarction and calling an ambulance.
| Characteristics | Percentage (%) | ||||||
| Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back | Weakness or dizziness |
Pain or discomfort in the chest |
Vision impairment (trap question)a |
Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulders |
Difficulty breathing | Calling an ambulance | |
| Total | 34.8 | 49.4 | 79.1 | 23.9 | 32.9 | 70.2 | 67.0 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 35.2 | 47.0 | 78.0 | 24.9 | 31.1 | 67.5 | 67.9 |
| Female | 34.5 | 51.8 | 80.0 | 22.8 | 34.6 | 72.9 | 66.1 |
| P value | 0.503 | <0.001 | 0.016 | 0.019 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.062 |
| Age group, years | |||||||
| 20–39 | 36.2 | 46.7 | 77.8 | 27.4 | 35.7 | 66.4 | 71.5 |
| 40–59 | 36.8 | 55.0 | 86.4 | 23.9 | 33.3 | 77.0 | 70.2 |
| 60–79 | 28.1 | 43.3 | 66.3 | 16.6 | 26.5 | 63.6 | 51.5 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||||||
| Less than primary school | 19.8 | 32.5 | 51.4 | 11.5 | 20.6 | 54.3 | 43.1 |
| Middle/high school | 32.8 | 49.4 | 79.0 | 24.6 | 31.0 | 70.9 | 66.3 |
| College graduate or higher | 39.9 | 53.2 | 84.9 | 25.8 | 37.0 | 73.1 | 72.9 |
| Nonresponse/refusal | 28.8 | 36.4 | 69.6 | 19.6 | 30.4 | 61.4 | 53.3 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Average monthly household income, 10 000 Won | |||||||
| ≤100 | 24.4 | 37.9 | 58.8 | 16.6 | 23.9 | 59.4 | 49.7 |
| 101–300 | 34.8 | 48.7 | 81.3 | 25.6 | 33.0 | 71.7 | 69.9 |
| 301–500 | 37.6 | 54.7 | 85.9 | 24.8 | 33.7 | 74.8 | 72.3 |
| >500 | 40.3 | 54.8 | 86.5 | 27.4 | 38.6 | 74.8 | 70.7 |
| Nonresponse/refusal | 32.6 | 44.3 | 68.7 | 20.1 | 33.1 | 61.0 | 60.1 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Region of residence | |||||||
| Capital area or metropolitan city | 35.7 | 49.8 | 80.7 | 25.1 | 33.6 | 72.3 | 68.5 |
| Province | 34.0 | 49.0 | 77.4 | 22.7 | 32.2 | 68.1 | 65.6 |
| P value | 0.083 | 0.414 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.123 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 32.3 | 48.3 | 76.0 | 21.4 | 31.1 | 70.4 | 61.3 |
| No | 35.3 | 49.6 | 79.6 | 24.3 | 33.2 | 70.2 | 68.0 |
| P value | 0.026 | 0.354 | 0.002 | 0.015 | 0.102 | 0.872 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||||
| Yes | 32.2 | 46.3 | 72.9 | 16.0 | 31.9 | 65.9 | 54.5 |
| No | 35.0 | 49.5 | 79.4 | 24.3 | 33.0 | 70.4 | 67.6 |
| P value | 0.219 | 0.187 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.651 | 0.039 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | |||||||
| Yes | 31.4 | 54.3 | 84.7 | 24.4 | 30.0 | 73.1 | 69.7 |
| No | 35.1 | 49.0 | 78.6 | 23.8 | 33.1 | 70.0 | 66.8 |
| P value | 0.043 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.723 | 0.084 | 0.079 | 0.107 |
| History of AMI | |||||||
| Respondent | 51.8 | 66.4 | 89.8 | 23.4 | 43.8 | 81.8 | 60.6 |
| Immediate family | 39.3 | 57.3 | 87.1 | 26.3 | 39.2 | 78.2 | 66.8 |
| No | 34.1 | 48.3 | 78.1 | 23.6 | 32.1 | 69.2 | 67.1 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.219 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.267 |
| History of AMI among relatives, acquaintances, or neighbors | |||||||
| Yes | 38.7 | 56.6 | 88.8 | 27.7 | 35.4 | 79.1 | 69.9 |
| No | 34.1 | 48.0 | 77.2 | 23.2 | 32.4 | 68.5 | 66.5 |
| P value | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.025 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| Exposure to AMI-related public service announcements or promotional materials | |||||||
| Yes | 41.4 | 58.8 | 87.7 | 25.5 | 39.2 | 78.4 | 67.7 |
| No | 32.5 | 45.9 | 75.9 | 23.3 | 30.6 | 67.2 | 66.7 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.024 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.364 |
| Knowledge of AMI | |||||||
| Yes | 40.8 | 57.3 | 88.9 | 25.9 | 36.9 | 77.8 | 69.9 |
| No | 23.7 | 34.4 | 60.5 | 20.1 | 25.3 | 55.9 | 61.5 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Being aware of the need for prompt treatment for AMI | |||||||
| Yes | 36.2 | 51.4 | 81.9 | 24.6 | 34.0 | 72.7 | 68.7 |
| No | 20.0 | 28.2 | 49.1 | 16.4 | 21.1 | 43.4 | 49.0 |
| P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
AMI, acute myocardial infarction.
aCorrect answer (answered ‘no’) percentage.