Table 3.
Description of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
| Questionnaires | Target population | Dimensions (number of items) | Ease of scoring and administration (range of scores) | Number of studies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generic | SIP [49] | Very broad, tested in non-, in- and out-patient with different illnesses and different severities | Sleep and rest (7) | Easy (0–136) | 1 |
| Eating (9) | |||||
| Work (9) | |||||
| Home management (10) | |||||
| Recreation and pastimes (8) | |||||
| Ambulation (10) | |||||
| Mobility (10) | |||||
| Body care and movement (23) | |||||
| Social interaction (20) | |||||
| Alertness behaviour (10) | |||||
| Emotional behaviour (9) | |||||
| Communication (9) | |||||
| Total = 136 | |||||
| SF-12 [50] | General population | Physical functioning (2) | Easy (12–47) | 1 | |
| Role physical (2) | |||||
| Bodily pain (1) | |||||
| General health (1) | |||||
| Vitality (1) | |||||
| Social functioning (1) | |||||
| Role emotional (2) | |||||
| Mental health (2) | |||||
| EQ-5D [51] | General population | Mobility | Easy (0–100 per dimension) | 1 | |
| Self-care | |||||
| Usual activities | |||||
| Pain/discomfort | |||||
| Anxiety/depression | |||||
| The Spitzer QOL index [13] | Cancer patients | Activity | Easy (0–2 per question) (0–10) | 3 | |
| Daily living | |||||
| Health | |||||
| Social support | |||||
| Outlook | |||||
| Symptom focused | GIQLI [14, 52] | Developed in patients with benign or malignant disorders of the oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, colon, and rectum. And developed in patients who underwent a laparoscopic chole-cystectomy | Physical well-being (10) | Easy (0–4 per question) (0–144) | 1 |
| Mental well-being (5) | |||||
| Gastrointestinal symptoms (16) | |||||
| Single items (5) | |||||
| GSRS [15, 53] | Developed for irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. Later validated in upper gastrointestinal patient | Abdominal pain syndrome | Easy (0–3 per question) (0–45) | 2 | |
| Reflux syndrome | |||||
| Indigestion syndrome | |||||
| Diarrhoea syndrome | |||||
| Constipation syndrome | |||||
| Cancer specific | EORTC QLQ-C30 [22] | Cancer patients (developed in lung cancer patients) | Global health (2) | Easy (1–4 per question) (30–120) |
15 |
| Functional scales | |||||
| Physical (5) | |||||
| Role (2) | |||||
| Cognitive (2) | |||||
| Emotional (4) | |||||
| Social (2) | |||||
| Symptom scales | |||||
| Fatigue (3) | |||||
| Pain (2) | |||||
| Nausea and vomiting (2) | |||||
| Single items (6) | |||||
| FACT-G [19] | General cancer, developed in breast, lung and colorectal cancer | Physical (7) | Easy (1–4 per question) (0–108) |
1 | |
| Social/family (7) | |||||
| Emotional (6) | |||||
| Functional (7) | |||||
| Gastric cancer specific | EORTC QLQ-STO22 [23] | Patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery, chemo- or chemoradiotherapy in curative or palliative setting | Five scales | Easy (1–4 per question) (22–88) |
12 |
| Dysphagia (4) | |||||
| Eating restrictions (5) | |||||
| Pain (3) | |||||
| Reflux (3) | |||||
| Anxiety (3) | |||||
| Three single items | |||||
| Dry mouth (1) | |||||
| Body image (1) | |||||
| Hair loss (2) | |||||
| FACT-Ga [20] | Gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma), gastrectomy, chemo and radiotherapy | Gastric cancer subscale (19) | Easy (0–4 per question) (0–76) | 1 | |
| Postoperative | Korenaga’s score [25] | Treatment-specific after gastrectomy | Single items (14) | Easy (0–2 per question) (0–28) | 1 |
| DAUGS20 [11] | Developed to assess postoperative dysfunction after surgery for gastric and oesophageal carcinoma | Single items (20) | Easy (1–5 per question) (34–170) | 2 | |
| Limited activity due to decreased food consumption | |||||
| Reflux | |||||
| Dumping | |||||
| Nausea and vomiting | |||||
| Deglutition difficulty | |||||
| Pain | |||||
| Difficulty in stool formation and passage |
SIP Sickness Impact Profile, SF-12 The 12-item Short Form Healthy Survey, EQ-5D EuroQoL-5D, GIQLI Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, GSRS Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, EORTC QLQ European Organization for Research and Treatment QOL Questionnaire, FACT-G Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General, DAUGS Dysfunction After Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, FACT-Ga Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for patients with Gastric Cancer