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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Geriatr Med. 2016 May;32(2):227–246. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2016.01.014

Table 5.

Long-term CFRs (detailed)

MCCs counts CVD related conditions Non-CVD related conditions Charlson/ Elixhauser
30-day ORs for those with:
1: 1.19 (0.93;1.35);
2: 1.49 (1.23;1.80);
3 : 1.64 (1.32;2.03);
4 or + :1.68 (1.28;2.21);
1-year ORs for those with:
1: 1.16 (1.01;1.34);
2: 1.62 (1.41;1.87);
3: 1.94 (1.66;2.26);
4 or + : 2.31 (1.91;2.78)9 		HR (95%CI) for those with:
Hypertension+diabetes 30-day:
1.09 (0.85;1.39)
Hypertension+diabetes 1-year:
1.27 (1.06;1.50)9
HR (95%CI) for those with:
AF:1.30 (1.06; 1.60);
Diabetes: 1.31 (1.01; 1.61) 21 		HR (95%CI) for those with:
COPD:1.46 (1.37;1.55);
Anemia: 1.29 (1.13;1.48);
Chronic kidney disease: 1.36 (1.13;1.63)21
HR (95%CI) for those with severe kidney
disease:
HF preserved EF: 1.67 (1.41; 1.76);
HF reduced EF 2.15 (1.87; 2.48).14
(4-year) mortality ORs for those
with:
1:1.48 (1.10;2.00);
2: 2.02 (1.43;2.85);
3: 2.80 (1.85;4.22);
4or +: 4.95 (3.02;8.11)22 		HR (95% CI) for those with:
Hypertension: 1.32 (1.12;1.54)
Diabetes: 1.55 (1.28;1.88)22 		HR (95% CI) for those with:
COPD:1.73 (1.30;2.31)22
3-year HR (95% CI) for those with
Charlson score of 3–4 : 1.5 (0.7;2.9);
Charlson score of 4 or + 4.0 (1.9;8.8)
(1–2 score-referent group)19
HR (95% CI) for those with:
Charlson score ≥4:
Non-sudden death: 2.78 (2.09;3.70);
Sudden death: 0.49 (0.19; 1.28).13
HR (95%CI) for those with:
Chronic kidney disease:
HF preserved: 1.28 (1.07;1.53)
HF restricted EF 1.25 (1.12; 1.38);
Anemia:
HF preserved:1.35 (1.13;1.61)
HF restricted EF: 1.42 (1.28; 1.57),
COPD:
HF preserved:1.61 (1.36;1.91)
HF restricted EF: 1.23 (1.11; 1.37),
Liver disease:
HF preserved :2.31 (1.48;3.62)
HF restricted EF: 1.41 (1.05; 1.89);
dementia :
HF preserved:1.75 (1.21; 2.51)
HF restricted EF: 1.48 (1.16; 1.90).3
HR (95%CI) for those with:
Diabetes: 1.64 (1.33; 2.03),
Cerebrovascular disease: 1.53
(1.22;1.92)20 		HR (95%CI) for those with:
Chronic kidney disease:1.32 (1.07;1.62)
Depression :1.44 (1.09;1.90),
Functional impairment: 1.30 (1.04;1.63),
Cognitive impairment: 1.33 (1.02; 1.73).20

CFRs: case fatality rates; HF: Heart Failure; MCCs: Multiple chronic conditions; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; AF: atrial fibrillation; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: odds ratio

Data from Refs 3,9,13,14,19–22.