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. 2016 Apr 28;6:24873. doi: 10.1038/srep24873

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(A) Lorentz microscopy of magnetite particles, complementary high magnification BF/HAADF-STEM of individual particles confirmed crystallinity and arrangement of 32 nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle. Off-axis electron holography revealed magnetic fields of magnetite particles. (B) Reference hologram, (C) Object hologram of particle indicated in (A), the contour of nanoparticle was indicated with a yellow circle. (D) Magnetic contribution to the phase shift, (E) Colored magnetic phase contours around individual Fe₃O₄ particle, the arrows show the direction of magnetization. Micromagnetic calculations based on the dynamic magnetization by finite element method for spherical Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for analysis of the direction of magnetization, (F) Saturated magnetization pointing along the magnetic anisotropy direction, (G) Saturated magnetization with circular orientation around middle zone.