Table 4.
Summary of various methods of H. pluvialis biomass cultivation and corresponding astaxanthin productivities.
| PBRs type | Outdoor/Indoor | Mode | Culture medium* | Biomass productivity in Green stage (g L−1 d−1) | Biomass productivity in Red stage (g L−1 d−1) | Astaxanthin content (%, DW) | Astaxanthin productivity (mg L−1 d−1) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airlift column (30 L) | Indoor | Batch | Modified Bold's Basal medium | 0.03 | 0.01 | 2.7 | 0.44b | Harker et al., 1996b |
| Tubular /open pond (25,000 L) | Outdoor | – | Modified Bold's Basal Medium | 0.036–0.052 | N/A | 2.8–3.0 | N/A | Olaizola, 2000 |
| Tubular (50 L) | Indoor | Semi continuous | BG-11 medium | N/A | 0.05 | 3.6 | 7.2c, d | Torzillo et al., 2003 |
| Bubbling column (1.8) | Indoor | Batch | Basal inorganic culture medium | N/A | 0.6 | 0.8 | 5.6a | Del Río et al., 2005 |
| Airlift Tubular (55 L) | – | Inorganic medium free of acetate | N/A | 0.41 | 1.1 | 4.4a | López et al., 2006 | |
| Bubbling column (0.5 L) | Indoor | Batch | BG-11 medium | 0.5 | 0.21 | 4 | 11.5b | Aflalo et al., 2007 |
| Tubular (200 L) | Outdoor | Batch | BG-11 medium | 0.37 | 0.21 | 3.8 | 10.1b, c | Aflalo et al., 2007 |
| Bubbling column (1.8 L) | Indoor | Batch | Basal inorganic culture medium | N/A | 1.9 | 1.1 | 21a | Del Río et al., 2008 |
| Bubbling column (1 L) | Indoor | Batch | Standard inorganic medium | 0.36 | 0.14 | 3.6 | 12b | Ranjbar et al., 2008 |
| Tubular (1.8 L), outdoor, | Outdoor | Continuous | Standard inorganic medium | N/A | 0.7 | 1 | 8a | García-Malea et al., 2009 |
| Open pond | Indoor | Batch | BG-11 medium | N/A | 0.15 | 2.79 | 4.3a | Zhang et al., 2009 |
| Flat type (1 L) | Indoor | Fed batch | NIES-C medium | 0.33 | 0.44 | 4.8 | 14b | Kang et al., 2010 |
| Airlift column | Indoor | Batch | Haematococcus medium (OHM) | N/A | 0.14 | N/A | 3.3a | Choi et al., 2011 |
| Bubbling column (6 L) | Indoor | Batch | NIES-C medium | N/A | 0.047 | N/A | 1.4a | Yoo et al., 2012 |
| Bubbling column (0.6 L) | Outdoor | Batch | BG-11 medium | N/A | 0.58 | 2.7 | 17.1b, d | Wang et al., 2013a |
| Bubbling column (0.6 L) | Outdoor | Batch | BG-11 medium | N/A | 0.30 | 3.8 | 16.0b, d | Wang et al., 2013b |
a
Obtained from one-step culture process.
b
Obtained from two-step culture process. Productivity value was calculated based on total time required by the “green stage” and “red stage” of cultivation.
c
Induction of astaxanthin was performed outdoors;
d
Obtained from a two-step process in which astaxanthin productivity was calculated based on time spent on the “red stage” only.
*
Detail medium composition can be found in relevant references.