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Herpesviruses and influenza A virus use multiple mechanisms to block host gene expression. In eukaryotes, production of proteins requires transcription, processing, nuclear export, and translation of mRNAs. The α-herpesvirus herpes simplex viruses (HSV), the γ-herpesviruses, and influenza A virus (IAV) use multiple viral factors to negatively regulate different stages of mRNA biogenesis and reduce host gene expression. They also stimulate host mRNA degradation.
