Figure 4.

(A,B) THP1 cells were incubated with either GI254023X or TAPI2 inhibitors or inhibitor vehicle (DMSO for GI254023X or H₂O for TAPI2) for 20 h, propidium iodide (PI) was then added to the cells followed by treatment with either nothing (untreated, n = 3), α-hemolysin (Hla, n = 3), or nigericin (Nig, n = 3) for 1 h. (C–F) THP1 cells were incubated with the indicated inhibitors either overnight (20 h) or for 30 min. Cells were subsequently incubated with LPS for 3 h followed by no addition (untreated, n = 3), α-hemolysin (Hla, n = 3), or nigericin (Nig, n = 3) for one hour. Cell-culture supernatants were then collected and assayed for IL-1β. Results are reported as either relative secretion to secretion from vehicle exposed cells subsequently treated with the indicated toxin (Hla or Nig). * and *** indicates statistically significant difference from vehicle treated cells intoxicated with Hla (p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.001, respectively) determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons testing.