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Prebound divalent metal ions are not required for cytopathic activity of TcsL and TcdB. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-C7) monolayers grown on Transwell filter inserts were treated with TcdB (10 ng/mL, A) and TcsL (30 µg/mL, B). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was monitored for the indicated times as a marker for toxin-uptake and activity. TER values are given as means (n = 3).
